不等齿距三刃高速立铣刀的动平衡及设计  

Dynamic Balance and Design of High-speed End Milling Cutter with Three Unequal Blade Spaces

作　　者：汤爱民[1,2] 周志雄[1] 曾滔 

机构地区：[1]湖南大学机械与运载工程学院,长沙410082 [2]株洲市钻石切削刀具股份有限公司,株洲412007

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2011年第13期180-185,共6页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家科技重大专项资助项目(2009ZX04012-031)

摘　　要：根据高速立铣刀容屑槽的几何特点,建立铣刀径向截面槽形曲线的通用数学模型。在此基础上,应用动平衡的基本理论,推导出不等齿距三刃高速立铣刀质量偏心和不平衡量的数学模型。利用动平衡测量仪测得不等齿距三刃高速立铣刀的不平衡量,并将其与理论计算值进行对比,对比结果证明质量偏心和不平衡量数学模型完全可靠。根据质量偏心的数学模型,对其影响因素进行分析,发现铣刀螺旋角和刃长对质量偏心的影响最大,据此提出不等齿距三刃高速立铣刀优化设计的思路。为研究不平衡量和不等齿结构对切削力和振动的影响,进行高速铣削对比试验,试验结果表明,不等齿结构具有抑制振动的作用,但对切削力影响较小;不平衡量的增大会引起切削力和振动的明显增大。According to the geometry characteristics of helical flutes of the high speed end milling cutter,the general mathematical model of the flute outline in radial section is established.Based on the model and the basic theories of dynamic balance,a mathematical model of mass eccentricity and imbalance value of the high-speed end milling cutter with three unequal blade spaces is deduced.The unbalance value of the end milling cutter is measured by a dynamic balance measuring instrument,and compared with the calculated value.The result shows that the mathematical model of mass eccentricity and imbalance value is completely reliable.According to the model of mass eccentricity,the influencing factors thereof are analyzed and it is found that the helical angle and the length of the cutting edge have the most influence on the mass eccentricity.According to this,the optimal design method for the high-speed end milling cutter with three unequal blade spaces is proposed.In order to investigate the influence of unbalance value and the structure of unequal blade spaces on cutting force and vibration,the comparative tests of high speed milling are carried out.The results show that the structure of unequal blade spaces can suppress vibration and has little influence on cutting force,and the increase of unbalance leads to obvious increase of cutting force and vibration.

关 键 词：高速切削 不等齿距 立铣刀 动平衡 

分 类 号：TG714[金属学及工艺—刀具与模具]