长江口滩涂围垦后水鸟群落结构的变化——以南汇东滩为例  

Change of waterbird community structure after the intertidal mudflat reclamation in theYangtze River Mouth: a case study of NanHui Dongtan area

作　　者：张斌[1] 袁晓 裴恩乐 牛俊英[1] 衡楠楠[1] 王天厚[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学生命科学院上海市城市化过程与生态恢复重点实验室,上海200062 [2]上海市野生动物保护管理站,上海200233

出　　处：《生态学报》2011年第16期4599-4608,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：上海市科学技术委员会资助项目编号(10dz1200703;10dz1211000;2010BAK69B14)

摘　　要：近年来长江口滩涂湿地高强度的促淤围垦对生物多样性保育造成了严重影响。2006至2010年在南汇东滩进行了水鸟调查,研究围垦后堤内环境的快速演替过程对水鸟的群落结构的影响。通过分析鸻鹬类、雁鸭类和鹭类3类主要水鸟类群,结果表明鸻鹬类的总数量呈严重下降趋势(ANOVA,P=0.009),而雁鸭类和鹭类总数量在上升(ANOVA,P=0.015;P=0.00);在种类数量方面,鸻鹬类和雁鸭类差异不显著(ANOVA,P=0.597;P=0.523),鹭类种类数变化极显著(ANOVA,P=0.00)。同时,通过对水鸟的栖息地选择因子偏好的分析,发现滩涂减少是鸻鹬类数量下降的主要因素,而大型水产养殖塘和芦苇增加是雁鸭类和鹭类数量增加的重要原因。为此提出相应海岸带湿地管理建议。Recently,the intensive coastal engineerings in Yangtze River Mouth have put a serious influence on biodiversity conservation.In this region,some coastal engineerings like intertidal mudflat reclamation were undertaken in many sites.The engineering of reclamation is to build a seawall on the intertidal mudflat to stop tidal wave flowing into the enclosed area.With the disappearance of tidal wave,a series of environmental succession took place which made the environment inside seawall evolve to the terrestrial type in a short period.In addition to anthropogenic effects,these formal coastal wetlands were transformed into other forms of artificial wetlands,including rice paddies,fishing ponds,salt work,reservoirs and irrigations.In order to know whether waterbirds adapted to the great changes of environment and how the intertidal mudflat reclamation influenced the structure of waterbirds,we carried out the waterbirds survey in Nanhui Dongtan coastal area of Yangtze River Mouth from 2006 to 2010.The waterbirds was divided into three groups： shorebirds（Charadriiforms）,waterfowls（Anseriformes） and egrets and herons（Anseriformes）.We recorded 45 species of shorebirds,24 of waterfowls and 15 of egrets and herons.And the dominant species were Red-necked Stint（Calidris ruficollis） in shorebirds group,Eurasian Wigeon（Anas falcate）,Falcated Duck（Anas penelope） in waterfowls group,Little Egret（Egretta garzetta） and Cattle Egret（Bubulcus ibis） in egrets and herons group.The study results indicted that the shorebirds abundance declined quickly after reclamation（ANOVA,P=0.009） and waterfowls and egrets including herons increased steadily（ANOVA,P=0.015;P=0.000）.However,the species diversities of shorebirds and waterfowls did not appear a significant change（ANOVA,P=0.645;P=0.523） while the species diversity of egrets and herons increases significantly（ANOVA,P=0.000）.The traditional reclamation mainly destroyed natural intertidal mudflat that provides rich food resources for shorebird

关 键 词：滩涂湿地 围垦 栖息地退化 生境偏好 生态保育 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]