母乳喂养与婴儿因腹泻和呼吸道感染住院之间的关系研究  

STUDY OF RELATIONS BETWEEN BREST FEEDING AND HOSPITALIZAION DUE TO DIARRHEA AND LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION

作　　者：徐哲[1] 陈华英[1] 黄丽敏[2] 彭敏[3] 刘亚军[1] 冯德刚[1] 刘燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]广元市中心医院儿科,广元628000 [2]广元市中心医院保健科 [3]广元市中心医院妇产科

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2011年第15期2971-2974,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：[目的]评估母乳喂养对出生后8月内的婴儿因腹泻和下呼吸道感染住院的影响。[方法]调查2005年1月~2010年2月出生的1589例单胎、健康、足月婴儿的喂养、健康状况以及其他的混杂因素,通过患儿父母的报告以获取主要的研究结果,即婴儿出生后8月内因腹泻或下呼吸道感染住院的情况。[结果]70%的婴儿为母乳喂养或曾经接受母乳喂养,34%的婴儿接受母乳喂养至少4月,1.2%的婴儿为纯母乳喂养至少6月。至出生后8月龄时,有12%的婴儿住过院（1.1%因为腹泻,3.2%因为下呼吸道感染）。按出生月龄对资料进行分析,并调整混杂因素的影响之后所得到的结果显示,与非母乳喂养相比,纯母乳喂养可保护婴儿免于因腹泻和下呼吸道感染而住院。在部分的母乳喂养婴儿中,这种影响较小。人群归因分值（population attributable fraction）提示,如果采取纯母乳喂养,则每月可预防约53%的婴儿因腹泻发生的住院,给予部分母乳喂养则可降低31%因腹泻发生的住院。与此类同,采取纯母乳喂养和部分母乳喂养每月可分别减少27%和25%因下呼吸道感染发生的住院。母乳喂养的保护效应随着母乳喂养的终止逐渐减弱。[结论]母乳喂养,尤其是长期的纯母乳喂养,可以降低婴儿罹患重大疾病的概率。增加整个人群的长期纯母乳喂养比例会对公众健康带来相当大的潜在裨益。[Objective]To evaluate the effect of breast feeding on diarrhea and lower respiratory tract infection of children within 8mo old.[Methods]1 589 healthy,single pregnancy babies were selected,whose birth date were from Jan,2005-Feb.2010,we investigated their health condition and other confounding factors,and through their parents reports,we got children’s hospitalization information who due to diarrhea and lower respiratory tract infection.[Results]70% babies got breast feeding,and 34% babies got at least 4mo breast feeding,1.2% babies got at least 6mo breast feeding,and there were 12% of babies were admitted（1.1% due to diarrhea,3.2% due to lower respiratory tract infection）,by analyzing their age and adjusting the confounding factors,we found that children could be protected from diarrhea and lower respiratory tract infection by breast feeding,compared with the un-breast-feeding children. But in some breast feeding babies,these effect was little.The population attributable fraction suggested that complete breast feeding can protect 53% children from diarrhea and 27% children from lower respiratory tract infection,incomplete breast feeding can protect 31% from diarrhea hospitalization and 25% children from lower respiratory tract infection,and this protection will reduce gradually after the breast feeding stop.[Conclusion]The breast feeding,especially the long-term complete breast feeding will reduce the prevalence for the children. And enhancing the proportion of long time breast feeding babies can bring benefit to the public health.

关 键 词：母乳喂养 住院 腹泻 呼吸系统感染 

分 类 号：R723.11[医药卫生—儿科] R725.6[医药卫生—临床医学]