尚勇保护区亚洲象种群数量动态、种群结构及季节分布格局  

Population dynamics,structure and seasonal distribution pattern of Asian elephant(Elephas maximus) in Shangyong Protected Area,Yunnan,China

作　　者：林柳[1] 张龙田[1] 罗爱东 王利繁 张立[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学生命科学学院,教育部生物多样性与生态工程重点实验室,北京100875 [2]西双版纳国家级自然保护区管理局,景洪666100

出　　处：《兽类学报》2011年第3期226-234,共9页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：美国鱼和野生动物署亚洲象保护基金资助项目,98201-8-G565~~

摘　　要：在2006年6月至2007年9月,通过种群个体识别、社区监测网络、样线调查和村寨访问等方法对尚勇保护区亚洲象的种群动态和季节性分布格局进行研究。结果显示:目前在尚勇保护区的亚洲象种群数量约为68头;拍摄到亚洲象共计347头次,通过个体识别方法识别出亚洲象53头,其中幼体、青少年体、亚成体和成体数量及所占比例分别为:3(5.66%)、11(20.75%)、15(28.30%)、24(45.28%),在成体中雄性只有两头,成年象的雌雄性比为11:1,高于已知国内外的其他区域。从1992年至2007年10月,至少有32头亚洲象死亡,其中确认死于猎杀的有7头,保护区的核心区野牛河、金宝河一带是盗猎亚洲象最严重的地区。严重的盗猎和不断减少的栖息地对当地的亚洲象种群产生了巨大的威胁,也加剧了当地的人象冲突。在雨季和旱季,亚洲象各有五个核心活动区域,食物是导致雨季和旱季分布格局不同的主要因素。This study mainly focused on Asian elephant（Elephas maximus）population dynamics,structure,and seasonal distribution patterns in Shangyong Protected Area,Xishuangbanna,using methods including individual recognition,community-monitoring network,trace-tracking and local interviews.Results showed that：About 68 wild elephants were present in Shangyong Protected Area.Totally 347 elephants＇ photos were taken during the 14-month of research and 53 individuals were recognized based on those photos.The population structure was as follows：Calves（3,5.66%）,Juveniles（11,20.75%）,Sub-adults（15,28.30%）,Adults（24,45.28%）.There were only 2 adult males and the sex ratio of adult was 11：1,which was significantly higher than in other areas.During 1992 to October 2007,32 wild elephants died in Shangyong Protected Area,while 7 individuals were definitely killed by poaching.The core portion of the protected area was the most dangerous for elephants.Severe poaching and habitat decreases were major threats to local wild elephants.Wild elephants were distributed differently in the rainy and dry season.Food was the most important factor impacting elephants＇ seasonal ranging patterns.

关 键 词：亚洲象 种群数量动态 种群结构 季节分布格局 尚勇保护区 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]