基于激光跟踪仪的数控机床几何误差辨识方法  

Method of Geometric Error Identification for Numerical Control Machine Tool Based on Laser Tracker

作　　者：王金栋[1] 郭俊杰[1] 费致根[1] 邓玉芬[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学机械制造系统工程国家重点实验室,西安710049

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2011年第14期13-19,共7页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家科技重大专项资助项目(2009ZX04001-022)

摘　　要：激光跟踪仪作为一种三维测量仪器在工业测量中得到广泛应用,利用激光跟踪仪采用多站分时测量方法实现数控机床几何误差的快速、高精度检测。该方法通过控制机床按设定的路径在3D空间进给,一台激光跟踪仪先后在不同的基站位置对机床相同的运动轨迹进行测量,基于全球定位系统(Global positioning system,GPS)定位原理,确定基站的相对空间位置与各测量点的空间坐标,然后辨识出机床的各项几何误差。通过建立多站分时测量机床精度的数学模型,给出多站分时测量的算法原理,并推导出机床各项误差的分离算法,同时通过仿真验证该误差分离算法的可行性。试验表明,激光跟踪仪采用多路分时测量方法在4 h内完成对一台数控铣床的精度检测,并分离出铣床的各项误差,该方法具有快速、精度高等优点,在中高档数控机床的精度检测中具有一定的应用前景。Laser tracker as a three-dimensional measuring instrument is widely used in industrial measurement.It can rapidly and accurately detect the geometric error of numerical control machine tool on the basis of multi-station and time-sharing measurement principle.The machine tool is controlled to move on the preset path in the 3D space,and a laser tracker is used to measure the same motion trajectory of the machine tool at different base stations.Based on global positioning system（GPS） principle,the relative location of base station and the space coordinates of measuring points are determined,and then the geometric errors of machine tool are identified.By establishing the mathematical model of multi-station and time-sharing measurement,the algorithm of multi-station and time-sharing measurement is given,and the error separation algorithm is deduced and proved feasible by simulation.Results of experiment show that a laser tracker completes the precision detection of a numerical control milling machine within 4 hours on the basis of multi-station and time-sharing measurement principle,and errors of numerical control milling machine are separated.This method has high efficiency and high precision,so it has certain applications in precision detection of medium-high level numerical control machine tools.

关 键 词：激光跟踪仪 几何误差 多站分时测量 误差分离 

分 类 号：TG156[金属学及工艺—热处理]