甘肃苏苗塬头地点石制品特征与古环境分析  

The Age,Lithics and Paleoenvironmental Study of the Sumiaoyuantou Locality,Gansu Province

作　　者：张东菊[1] 陈发虎[1] 吉笃学 L Barton PJ Brantingham 王辉[6,1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学西部环境与气候变化研究院 [2]深圳市文物考古鉴定所 [3]Department of Anthropology,University of California [4]Department of Anthropology,University of Alaska,Fairbanks,P.O.Box 757720,Fairbanks,AK 99775,USA [5]Department of Anthropology,University of California,Los Angeles,Los Angeles,CA 90095,USA [6]甘肃省文物考古研究所

出　　处：《人类学学报》2011年第3期289-298,共10页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：高等学校学科创新引智计划资助(B06026);国家重点基础研究发展计划资助(2010CB950202);中央高校基本科研业务费资助(lzujbky-2010-116);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-EW-QN110)

摘　　要：苏苗塬头地点位于甘肃省平凉市庄浪县东北部,埋藏于章麻河二级阶地的典型马兰黄土中。经剖面清理和地表采集,2002和2004年在该地点共获得石制品2318件,本文以集中分布区出土(2166件)和地表采集(48件)共2214件石制品为主要研究对象。该批石制品以石片、碎片和碎屑为主,有少量石核和工具。剥片技术以砸击法为主,锤击法为辅,鲜见第二步加工。石制品原料主要为来自现代河床或阶地底部砾石层的脉石英。炭屑加速器质谱(AMS 14C)年代测试和多环境代用指标分析显示,苏苗塬头为一处旧石器时代晚期文化地点,人类活动主要发生于气候干冷的末次盛冰期(约距今2.4—1.8万年),反映了古人类较强的环境适应能力。The Sumiaoyuantou locality in Gansu Province was discovered during archaeological survey.Thousands of lithics are distributed in a lens of 1.3m long and 0.13m thick in the Malan loess on the first terrace of the Zhangma River.An assemblage of 2318 fragments of artifacts was obtained by collecting from the profile（2166） and surface（48） in 2002 and 2004,only 2214 of which are reported here.This assemblage is dominated by flakes,shatters and debitage with a few cores and tools.The stone tool technology employed in this locality is mainly bipolar percussion,plus little edge percussion.The main raw material is quartz cobbles from the modern riverbed or the bottom gravel layer.Radiocarbon dates and paleoenvironmental reconstruction shows that the climate changed much during the period 30-15ka BP in the study region.From 30ka to 24ka BP,the climate was warm and humid due to a strong summer monsoon.From 24ka to 18ka BP,it became dry and cold with a decrease in the summer monsoon and an increase in the winter monsoon.From 18ka to 15ka BP,the climate ameliorated a little with the slightly recovered summer monsoons.Sumiaoyuantou represents the late Paleolithic culture in this region,with human activity occurring at the coldest and driest time,the Last Glacial Maximum,24-18ka BP,which may suggest the high adaptative ability of humans.

关 键 词：苏苗塬头 旧石器晚期文化 环境变化 末次盛冰期 

分 类 号：K871.11[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]