中国高速公路规划网的空间效应与政策机制  

Policy and Spatial Effect of Expressway Planning Network in China

作　　者：王成金[1] 丁金学[1,2] 杨威[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《地理学报》2011年第8期1076-1088,共13页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40701045;40635026);中国博士后基金特别资助项目(200902133);中科院知识创新工程方向项目(KZCXZ-YW-Q10-4-1);国家科技支撑计划课题(2008BAH31B05)~~

摘　　要：20世纪90年代中期以来,随着地方政府对高速公路的追求,高速公路规划和建设成为中国区域发展的突出问题。本文分析了中国高速公路网的规划规模与空间体系,重点对比集成网和国家网的规模总量和空间网络,结果表明中国高速公路网中长期目标达17.4万km,中西部省份的规模拓展明显;揭示了中国高速公路规划网引致的空间效应,包括连通性、空间服务水平和国土碎化,结论证明省级单位拓展后的集成网过于超前,新增路线主要连接人口和经济规模较小的城镇及偏远地区,覆盖效率低,偏离了中国经济发展、人口分布、城镇体系及地理环境的国情,高速公路规划规模与覆盖水平背离了其技术经济属性。然后,重点从政策角度分析了高速公路规划规模持续扩大的机制,认为高速公路规划审批体制、融资体制、收费政策、经济危机应对政策及政绩追求等是促使省级单位拓展规划规模的主要原因。Since the mid-1990s, each province of China has acted on its own free will in expressway planning and construction, which results in some serious problems for regional sustainable development and land planning. In this paper, we analyzed the scale and spatial network of expressway planning and compared the national network with provincial network of expressway. The result shows that the scale of expressway network in the long-term period will reach 17.4 × 10 4 km and form a dense expressway network like the cobweb. The expressway planning of provinces in the central and western China expands greatly from the initial scale. Moreover, we discussed the spatial influences of the gigantic expressway planning network with indices of accessibility, service capacity and spatial partition. The results demonstrate that the scale of planned expressway network by each province is too large and many new planned routes chiefly link small towns and the backland areas. The planned provincial expressway network deviates from the spatial distribution of China＇s economic development, population and city system. Particularly, the planned scale and spatial cover capacity of expressway network deviates from its economic and technologic attributes. Finally, we revealed the development mechanism on the regulation of each province＇s expressway planning and expansion of the expressway planning scale. The discussion result shows that the planning system of expressway, finance system for construction, charge policy, strategies to the financial crisis in 2008 and the criterion for assessing political achievement lead to the regulation of expressway planning and the enlargement of each province＇s planning scale.

关 键 词：高速公路 国家网 集成网 空间效应 政策 

分 类 号：U412.1[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]