彩色马蹄莲2n花粉诱导及其三倍体植株的获得  

Induction of 2n Pollen in Coloured Zantedeschia Hybrid and Obtaining of Its Triploid

作　　者：吴红芝[1] 石景峰[1] 郑思乡[1] 张敬丽[1] 周涤[2] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学园林园艺学院,昆明650201 [2]北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心,北京100097

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2011年第4期662-668,共7页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.30960238);国家科技支撑项目(No.2009BADB8B04)共同资助

摘　　要：2n配子介导的有性多倍化因其具有染色体重组创造新型变异的机会而越来越受到育种家的重视。本研究用化学试剂秋水仙素处理彩色马蹄莲(coloured Zantedeschia hybrid)二倍体栽培种幼蕾诱导2n配子,并对2n配子形成的细胞学特征进行了显微观察。结果显示,秋水仙素处理可以诱导彩色马蹄莲2n花粉产生,2n花粉的花粉粒明显变大,适宜的秋水仙素处理浓度为0.15%;配子形成过程中出现平行、融合等纺锤体定位异常现象,四分体时期出现二分体、三分体,产生减数分裂异常的多核细胞、小孢子形成过程中核融合等异常现象;诱导的2n花粉与正常1n雌配子杂交,杂交后代经染色体鉴定筛选获得三倍体后代(2n=3x=48)。本研究结果表明,人工诱导2n花粉是培育彩色马蹄莲有性多倍体的一种有效可行的方法。The sexual polyploidization through 2n gametes,which can result in intergenomic recombination to produce new genetic variations,is paid more and more attention by plant breeders.In this study,the young flowers of colored Zantedeschia diploid cultivars were treated by the chemical method（colchicines） to induce 2n gamete,and the cytological characteristics of 2n male gamete（2n pollen） formation were observed.The result showed that 2n pollen of coloured Zantedeschia was induced successfully by colchicine and 2n pollen grain was larger than that of normal 1n pollen.The best concentration of colchicines was 0.15%.There were obvious differences on cytological matters during 2n pollen formation.The abnormal phenomena like parallel spindles and fused spindles at metaphase,dyads and triads at the tetrad stage,multinuclear cell with abnormal meiosis,nuclei fusion in pollen mother cell,etc.were observed.The seeds of the treated pollen crossing with normal 1n female gametes were harvested.The chromosome identification showed that the triploid（2n=3x=48） progeny was obtained successfully.The results imply that 2n pollen induced artificially can be a powerful method to create the sexual polyploids of colored Zantedeschia.

关 键 词：彩色马蹄莲 2n配子 2N花粉 秋水仙素 三倍体 

分 类 号：S682.264[农业科学—观赏园艺]