不同产量水平的玉米田养分利用效应比较  

Comparison of nutrient use efficiency in maize field of different yields

作　　者：许靖[1] 刘淑萍 孙志梅[1] 靳小利[3] 彭正萍[1] 张阔[1] 沙晓晴[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,河北保定071001 [2]河北省沧州市东光县农业局,河北东光061600 [3]河北农业大学农学院,河北保定071001

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2011年第4期30-34,共5页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家粮食丰产科技工程河北省课题(2006BAD02A08;2011BAD16B08)

摘　　要：采用大田试验方法,在不同土壤肥力水平和不同管理措施导致产量水平明显不同的玉米田中,对植株对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收、运转及利用效应进行了分析比较。结果表明,玉米对N、P吸收呈双峰趋势变化,吸收高峰均为拔节—大喇叭口期和灌浆—成熟期,K呈单峰吸收,但高产田和常规田出现在大喇叭口—吐丝期,低产田K吸收高峰提前至拔节—大喇叭口期。与常规田和低产田相比,高产田玉米对N、P、K养分的累积量、玉米营养体贮藏N、P、K养分的运转量和运转率,以及玉米营养体N、P养分向籽粒的转移效率均明显提高,但单位养分的生产效率以及氮、钾养分的生理效率降低。A field experiment was conducted to investigate the net accumulation,remobilization and use efficiency of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium in maize field of different yields caused by the difference of soil fertility and management.The results indicated that the net accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in maize showed two peaks which were observed at jointing-leaf and grouting-maturity stage,but the potassium net accumulation showed single peak which was at leaf-silk stage in the high-yield field and conventional yield field,and was at jointing-leaf stage in the low-yield field.Compared with the conventional yield field and low-yield field,the high-yield management increased the uptake of N,P and K.At the same time,the highest amounts and remobilization rate of N,P and K assimilated in nutrition body were observed in the high-yield field,which improved the remobilization efficiency of N,P from nutrition body to grain.But the lowest yield of maize per unit of fertilizer,and physiological efficiency of nitrogen and potassium were obtained in the high-yield field.

关 键 词：玉米 养分净累积 运转 养分利用效应 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S158.3