不同施肥模式对棉田肥料利用率及产量的影响  

Effect of different fertilization models on fertilizer use efficiency and yield in cotton

作　　者：宋世佳[1] 张永江[1] 刘连涛[1] 孙红春[1] 李存东[1] 刘贞贞[2] 张忠波[2] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学/河北省作物生长调控实验室,河北保定071001 [2]沧州市农林科学院,河北沧州061001

出　　处：《河北农业大学学报》2011年第4期10-15,共6页Journal of Hebei Agricultural University

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(3-5-05);国家自然科学基金项目(30370833);河北省重点基础研究项目(10960206D);河北省高等学校科学技术研究指导项目(22010147)

摘　　要：在大田条件下,以转基因抗虫棉‘沧198’为材料,研究了2种类型肥料(常规肥料、控释肥料)在不同养分水平(100%、80%)下,采用不同施肥方式(常规肥:基施+追施,控释肥:全部基施)对棉花干物质积累、肥料利用效果及产量构成因素的影响。结果表明:相同养分水平条件下,一次性基施控释肥的干物质积累量与常规施肥模式的干物质积累量差异显著,控释肥处理棉田干物质日积累最大值出现在盛花至盛铃时期,并且控释肥处理棉株在后期仍能保持相对较高的干物质日积累量。控释肥处理棉株的养分积累量、养分利用产投比、氮磷钾养分的表观利用率、农艺效率、吸收效率也显著高于常规肥料,但干物质生产效率无显著差异,且控释肥的土壤养分贡献率低。控释肥处理的籽棉产量与同水平常规肥处理差异不显著,但控释肥100%施量处理比常规肥100%处理平均高2.80%,控释肥80%施量处理与常规肥100%处理籽棉产量仅低1.18%。表明本试验条件下控释肥有一定增产趋势,能显著提高肥料利用效率,能满足棉花中后期对养分的需求。A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different fertilization models on cotton dry matter accumulation,fertilizer use efficiency and yield components with the variety of ＇cang198＇.The results showed that dry matter accumulation of cotton in controlled release fertilizer was significantly different from that of common fertilizer.The maximum of increased dry weight per day of controlled release fertilizer appeared in the period between full-bloom stage and full-boll stage,and still kept relatively high value at late stages.Furthermore,the amount of nutrients accumulation,fertilizer input-output ratio,apparent recovery ratio of N,P and K,agronomic efficiency and absorption efficiency of cotton plants in controlled release fertilizer were also significantly higher than those in common fertilizer treatments,but no obvious difference was found on the dry matter production efficiency.Meanwhile,contribution rate of soil nutrient in controlled release fertilizer decreased.Seed cotton yield results showed that in controlled release fertilizer 100% level treatment,it was 2.80% higher than that of in common fertilizer 100% level treatment.And the seed cotton yield of controlled release fertilizer 80% level treatment was 1.18% lower than that in common fertilizer 100% level treatment.The results indicated that controlled release fertilizer may have not so much effect on cotton yield,but it can increase fertilizer use efficiency significantly and provide sufficient nutrition at middle and late stages.

关 键 词：控释肥 棉花 产量构成 干物质 肥料利用效果 

分 类 号：S147.211[农业科学—肥料学]