五四运动与民主观念在新文化运动时期的变化  

The Changes of The May 4th Movement and Democratic Outlook during the New Culture Movement

作　　者：李维武[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学哲学学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《学术探索》2011年第4期77-88,共12页Academic Exploration

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(05JJDZH243)

摘　　要：1915—1924年新文化运动时期,民主观念与科学观念相伴随,成为新文化运动的旗帜、口号与价值认同。1919年五四运动的发生,对新文化运动发生了强烈而深刻的影响,促使中国人重新思考追求民主、实现民主的道路,进而促使中国人对民主观念的理解和阐释发生了重大变化,由新文化运动初期的对欧美民主政治的单一性理解,转变为新文化运动后期的对民主政治的不同追求。陈独秀对"民主"内涵的新阐释,孙中山对"民权"道路的新探索,胡适力主从"问题"入手实现"民主",梁漱溟强调在儒学基础上认肯"民主",这些都是对民主政治不同追求的有代表性的体现。民主观念的这一变化,具有多方面的合理性,在20世纪中国思想史上有着积极的值得肯定的意义。During the New Culture Movement from 1915 to 1924, democratic outlook accompanied by scientific outlook became the banner, the slogan and the value recognition of the Movement. The May 4th Movement of 1919 had a strong and deep impact on the New Culture Movement. It urged the Chinese people to rethink the ways to pursue and realize democracy, which further led to the fundamental changes in the interpretation of democratic outlook. In the early years of the New Culture Movement, de- mocracy was understood merely as European and American democratic politics. Later it was embodied in the different pursuits for democratic politics, which was typically manifested in the new interpretation of ＂democracy＂ by Chen Du -xiu, the exploration of ＂democracy＂ by Sun Yat -sen, the realization of ＂democracy＂ by solving ＂problem＂ argued by Hu Shi, and the practice of ＂democracy＂ on the basis of Confucianism emphasized by Liang Shu - ming. The change of democratic outlook is reasonable from different aspects. It has positive significance in the history of the Chinese political thoughts of the 20th century.

关 键 词：新文化运动 五四运动 民主观念 陈独秀 孙中山 胡适 梁漱溟 

分 类 号：K261[历史地理—历史学]