国故与国魂——整理国故运动中关于孙子兵法辨伪的一场论争  

National Heritage and National Spirit: On Debate over Textual Research of The Art of War in Systematization of National Literary Heritage

作　　者：邵青[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京政治学院上海分院基础系,上海200433

出　　处：《南京大学学报（哲学．人文科学．社会科学）》2011年第4期121-132,160,共12页Journal of Nanjing University(Philosophy,Humanities and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：整理国故运动在传统文化的传承及向现代的转型等方面成绩显著,但不足之处也显而易见。在整理国故运动实际过程中,研究的范围过于局限于考据与辨伪,拘泥考据一度成为诸多国故学者的明显倾向,以致不仅出现目标与方法的脱节、理想与现实的背离,并且对当时学术风气产生某些消极影响;还有学者认为整理国故运动坚持以"评判的态度""重新估定一切价值"的研究取向,对凝聚精神力量、团结抗战造成不利影响。在整理国故运动中,疑古思潮与胡适的"存疑主义"、"拿证据来"大为流行。对孙子兵法的考证与辨伪在此背景下展开。学者们通过更加全面与详尽的考证,指出今之存世《孙子兵法》十三篇成书于战国中后期,对于有无孙子其人亦存疑问。关于孙子兵法的考证与辨伪引起了另一部分学者针锋相对的反驳。围绕孙子兵法辨伪展开的这场争论从一个侧面暴露了整理国故运动的不足,亦涉及了对传统兵学文化地位作用的再认识与评价。Though much is achieved in rediscovering traditional culture and its modern transition,the weaknesses of systematization of national literary heritage are obvious.The effort is unduly confined to textual research,which leads to disconnection between goal and approach as well as ideal and reality.Some scholar used to insist that the research should be oriented to re-evaluate all with a critical attitude,and this cast a bad influence on the principle of uniting all to resist against the Japanese invaders.In this movement of rediscovering national literary heritage,the skeptical attitude toward ancient history and agnosticism advocated by Hu Shih became fashion of the day.The textual criticism of The Art of War was under such circumstance since its inception.The debate over the authenticity of The Art of War makes clear a defect of systematizing national literary heritage,and puts up the question: how to evaluate traditional military culture.

关 键 词：孙子兵法 整理国故运动 “国魂”派 “国故”派 

分 类 号：K261[历史地理—历史学]