南方典型灌区节水灌溉的减污效应  

Effects of Water-saving Irrigation on Pollution Control in Typical Irrigation District in Southern China

作　　者：余金凤[1,2] 洪林[1] 江洪珊[3] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [2]广西水利水电职业技术学院,广西南宁530023 [3]武汉大学,湖北武汉430027

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2011年第8期1-4,共4页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(50639040);国家自然科学基金项目(50979073);国家"863"计划项目(2006AA06Z342);湖北省自然科学基金项目(2005ABA290)资助

摘　　要：由于其污染的严重性和控制的难度,农田氮磷流失造成的农业面源污染问题已经引起全球的关注。与传统灌溉相比,节水灌溉在减少农田氮磷流失方面具有一定优势。对湖北省漳河灌区2007-2008年试验资料进行分析,结果显示与传统灌溉相比较,节水灌溉能够节灌25%以上;排水量水稻减少45.0%,玉米减少11.6%,渗漏量水稻减少31.7%;氮肥利用率增加3%～5%,说明该地区实行节水灌溉可以在节水的同时,提高化肥利用率,降低氮磷流失量,减少对水环境的污染。The agricultural non-point sources water pollution caused by nitrogen and phosphorus losses from farmlands have attracted global attentions due to its serious pollution and difficulties in control.Compared with conventional irrigation,water-saving irrigation has superiority of lessening nitrogen and phosphorus losses from farmlands.According to the experiment conducted during wet seasons in 2007-2008 in the Zhanghe Irrigation District in Hubei Province,China,the results show that compared to conventional irrigation,water-saving irrigation can save 25% of irrigation water,reduce 45% of drainage water in paddy field and 11.6% in corn field.It also can decrease 31.7% of percolation loss,and increase the nitrogen use efficiency to 3%~5%.This study indicates that implementation of water-saving irrigation in this region can not only save water,but also enhance fertilizer utilization efficiency,lower nitrogen and phosphorus losses,and cut down water environment pollution.

关 键 词：节水灌溉 农田排水 渗漏 氮磷流失 污染 

分 类 号：TV213.9[水利工程—水文学及水资源] S275.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]