长江干流不同江段鱼卵及仔鱼漂流特征昼夜变化的初步分析  

PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS ON THE DIEL DRIFTING BEHAVIOR OF FISH EGGS AND LARVAE IN DIFFERENT SECTIONS OF MAIN STREAM OF THE YANGTZE RIVER

作　　者：黎明政[1,2,3] 段中华[1,2] 姜伟[1,2,3] 刘焕章[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所,湖北武汉430072 [2]中国科学院水生生物多样性与保护重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2011年第8期957-962,共6页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KZCX1-YW-08-01);国务院三峡工程建设委员会办公室生态环境项目(SX2007-019)

摘　　要：根据2007～2009年在长江干流的泸州、珞璜、宜都、武穴4个江段分别采集的数据,对这些江段鱼卵及仔鱼漂流特征的昼夜变化规律进行初步分析。结果显示,长江上游泸州江段和珞璜江段鱼卵及仔鱼昼夜漂流密度有一定差异,但不显著;长江中游宜都江段,鱼卵漂流密度在昼夜时间上有显著性差异(n=38,p=0.00),表现为6∶00的平均漂流密度13.02ind./100m3明显大于18∶00的密度3.28ind./100m3,仔鱼夜间漂流密度明显大于白天,于22∶00达到高峰值;武穴江段仔鱼漂流密度在昼夜时间上有显著性差异(n=62,p=0.00),8∶00的平均漂流密86.21ind./100m3明显大于18∶00的密度44.85ind./100m3。不同物种的鱼卵及仔鱼漂流密度亦呈现出一定的昼夜差异,宜都江段贝氏,草鱼和银鲴鱼卵主要分布在白天,鳙、鲢等种类分布在夜间;另外,鳙、银鮈、铜鱼和翘嘴鲌等多数种类的仔鱼仅在夜间有分布,而飘鱼属的种类主要分布在白天。通过采集到鱼卵发育期推算,四大家鱼、贝氏、银鲴和翘嘴鲌的繁殖时间主要集中在夜间,而花斑副沙鳅和鳊全天均有繁殖。A preliminary analysis on the diel and distributional abundance patterns of fish eggs and larvae was carried based on ichthyoplankton samples collected at Luzhou,Luohuang,Yidu and Wuxue sections of main stream of the Yangtze River during 2007 and 2009 respectively.It turned out that there was no clear diel difference in drifting densities of fish eggs and larvae at Luzhou and Luohuang sections.However,there were distinct diel differences in the drifting densities of eggs and larvae at Yidu section.There were significant differences（n=38,p=0.00） between the drifting density of fish eggs in 06∶00（mean density was 13.02 ind./100m3） and in 18∶00（mean density was 3.28 ind./100m3）,while the highest drifting density of larvae was found in 22∶00.And a significant diel difference was found in drifting densities of fish larvae at Wuxue section（n=62,p=0.00）,the average density at 08∶00（86.21 ind./100m3） was clearly greater than at 18∶00（44.85 ind./100m3）.In Yidu location,the drifting densities of different species showed species-specific difference.The eggs of Hemiculter bleekeri（Warpachowski）,Ctenopharyngodon idellus and Xenocypris argentea were mainly collected in daytime,Aristichthys nobilis and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix were mainly collected in the night,while Parabotia fasciata and Parabramis pekinensis were collected all daylong.Larvae of most fishes were collected in the night,while the species from Pseudolaubuca were mostly collected in daytime.According to the capture time and the development stages of fish eggs,the peak spawning period of the four Chinese major carps were during nighttime.The spawning time of Hemiculter bleekeri was concentrated in first half of the night,Xenocypris argentea and Culter alburnus were concentrated in midnight,while Parabotia fasciata and Parabramis pekinensis could be spawning all daylong.Species-specific diel abundance patterns and their causes must be considered when designing effective sampling programs for fish embryos and larvae.

关 键 词：长江 鱼卵 仔鱼 昼夜分布 

分 类 号：S964.6[农业科学—水产养殖]