斑鰶的摄食与生态转换效率  

THE CONSUMPTION AND ECOLOGICAL CONVERSION EFFICIENCY OF DOTTED GIZZARD SHAD(CLUPANODON PUNCTATUS)

作　　者：郭学武[1] 唐启升[1] 孙耀[1] 张波[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,青岛266071

出　　处：《海洋水产研究》1999年第2期17-25,共9页Marine Fisheries Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金!497901001

摘　　要：1998年9月在山东省莱州市过西镇,对养虾池中斑鰶(Clupanodon　punctatus)(叉长49.0～130.0mm,体重1.38～27.39g)的摄食与生态转换效率进行了研究。采用ElliottPersson(1978)方法,从研究斑鰶的摄食周率出发,对其排空率、摄食率以及食物转换效率进行了定量。结果显示,斑鰶属白天摄食类型,摄食高峰在每日的15∶00～18∶00时。从18∶00时至翌日3∶00时,全消化道内含物(占体重的百分比)随时间的变动为DCW=3.086 2·e0.270 9T,排空率为0.270 9gw.w./100gw.w.·h。用指数函数能更好地描述斑鰶的摄食率与体重的相关关系,C=4.162 7·e0.120 4W,Ｒ2=0.844 8。斑鰶个体日均摄食量为0.904 6g,生长率为0.149 4g/d,食物转换效率为16.5%,能量转换效率>30%。研究结果表明,应用ElliottPersson模型研究某些白天摄食类型的鱼类摄食时,可以只利用从傍晚到黎明这段时间的全消化道(或胃)内含物的变动资料。根据日粮和季节生物量,计算出渤海斑鰶的年饵料需求量约为16万t,这意味着渤海斑鰶每年可把大约16万t的海洋沉积物通过摄食搬运离开海底,对生态系统的沉积物再悬浮以及水底物质交换具有重要意义。作者认为,斑鰶的沉积碎屑食性和杂食性,使它对食物环境的变化(如浮游动物大量减少)具有灵活适应性。Experiments on the consumption,growth and ecological conversion efficiency of dotted gizzard shad(Clupanodon　punctatus)were　conducted　in　a　shrimp　rearing　pond　in　the　coast　of　Laizhou　Ｂay,the　Bohai　Sea,in　September　1998.The ElliottPersson model was used to determine its feeding periodicity,to quantify its evacuation rate,consumption rate and food/energy conversion efficiency.The results showed that dotted gizzard shad(fork length 49.0～130.0 mm,body weight 1.381 5～27.387　1 g wet) feeds only in daytime with a peak from 15∶00 to 18∶00 h. Its complete digestive tract content weight as a percent of body weight(DCW)changed with the time of day(T)and fit the formula DCW=3.086 1·e-0.270 9T,at evacuation rate of 0.270 9 gw.w./100gw.w.·h The relationship between consumption(C) and body weight(W)of the fish can be described better by an exponential function,C=4.162 7·e0.120 4W (R2 =0.844　8),than that by a power function.The growth rate was 0.149 4g/d with daily food consumption of 0.904 6g,yielding ecological conversion efficiency of 16.5% in biomass and of more than 30% in energy.The results implied that to evaluate the consumption of some fish like dotted gizzard shad feeding only in daytime with the ElliottPersson model,data describing the dynamics of the complete digestive tract or stomach content weight in the period from dusk to dawn are enough.The dotted gizzard shad requires about 1.6×105 tons of food per year in the Bohai Sea according to its daily ration and seasonal abundance.It means that up to 1.6×105 tons of sediments are taken away from the sea bottom per year by the feeding activity of the shad population in the Bohai Sea,and that dotted gizzard shad may play an important role in the resuspension of marine sediments and the matter exchange through the bottomwater interface in the Bohai Sea ecosystem. We believe that its detritivorous and omnivorous nature makes the otted gizzard shad adapt itself neatly to the change of food conditions like the

关 键 词：斑Ji 摄食 生态转换效率 饵料需求量 渤海 

分 类 号：S965.39[农业科学—水产养殖] S922.91[农业科学—水产科学]