陕西富县土壤侵蚀潜在危险度评价  

Appraisal and study on potential danger of soil erosion in Fuxian County of Shaanxi Provice

作　　者：陈学兄[1] 常庆瑞[1] 赵业婷[1] 宋利珍[1] 陈永贵[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第8期171-177,共7页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划("973"计划)项目(2007CB407203);国家自然科学基金项目(30872073)

摘　　要：【目的】对陕西富县土壤侵蚀潜在危险度进行评价,旨在为黄土高原水土保持和生态环境规划等提供科学依据。【方法】选取地形坡度、植被指数、年降水量、土层厚度、土壤可蚀性、岩性、人口环境容量失衡度和坡耕地占坡地面积比例等8个因子,作为评价陕西富县土壤侵蚀潜在危险度的主要因素,首先对各个因子进行分级、量化处理,然后利用特尔斐法(Delphi)和层次分析法确定8个因素的权重,最后运用侵蚀因子权重评分法的数学模型计算陕西富县土壤侵蚀潜在危险度。【结果】影响富县土壤侵蚀潜在危险度8个因子的权重依次为:地形坡度0.20,植被指数0.18,土层厚度0.16,年降水量0.12,土壤可蚀性0.12,岩性0.09,坡耕地占坡地面积比例0.08,人口环境容量失衡度0.05。富县土壤侵蚀潜在危险度为33,属于危险型。【结论】利用侵蚀因子权重评分法得到了富县土壤侵蚀潜在危险度的评价等级;8个侵蚀因子中,地形坡度、植被指数、土层厚度对富县土壤侵蚀潜在危险度的影响较大。【Objective】 This paper evaluated the potential danger of soil erosion in Fuxian County of Shaanxi Province to provide basic data for the soil and water conservation and the planning of ecological-environmental.【Method】 The study took the mean annual precipitation,vegetation index,soil thickness,slope,soil erodibility,rock properties,unbalanced degree of population environmental capacity and proportion of sloped farmland on sloped areas as the main factors for appraising the potential danger of soil erosion.First,we classified and quantized the 8 factors,and then,determined the weighting of the 8 factors by using the methods of Delphi and analytic hierarchy process（AHP）,finally used the Mathematical modeling to appraise the potential danger of soil erosion in Fuxian County of Shaanxi Province.【Result】 The result showed that the factors were arranged in order of importance as follows：slope 0.20,vegetation index 0.18,soil thickness 0.16,mean annual precipitation 0.12,soil erodibility 0.12,rock properties 0.09,proportion of sloped farmland on sloped areas 0.08,unbalanced degree of population environmental capacity 0.05.The value of the soil erosion potential danger in Fuxian County was 33,and according to the standard of the ministry of water resources,the potential danger of soil erosion in Fuxian County belongs to the type of danger.【Conclusion】 The importance of the 8 factors are different.Using the weight scoring method of erosion factor to appraise the potential danger of soil erosion,the results coincide with the fact：of the 8 factors,slope,vegetation index and soil thickness pose greater potential danger to the soil.

关 键 词：地理信息系统 土壤侵蚀潜在危险度 危险度评价 抗蚀年限 侵蚀因子权重法 层次分析法 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]