关于古汉语词类活用定义的检讨  

A Review of the Definitions for Word-Class Shifts in Ancient Chinese

作　　者：张文国[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学文学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《山东师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2011年第4期68-73,共6页Journal of Shandong Normal University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：现有的关于古汉语词类活用的定义在称呼此种语法现象时所用术语不同,尤其是"词类活用"的"词类"内涵模糊,所指不一;不能区分开活用与本用、兼类,常用的词频统计法有着很大的局限性;所谓的词类活用的条件,只不过是拿古代汉语与现代汉语作比较的产物,犯了先入为主的毛病;未涉及词类活用的范围问题,致使在其范围的确定上意见不一;把词类活用看作是一种纯粹的语法现象,没有提到词类活用与词义引申的关系,致使该种语法现象的本质隐而不显。此种局面非常不利于对词类活用这种语法现象本质的探讨。The existing definitions for word-class shifts in ancient Chinese usually refer to things quite different from one another while naming this very ancient Chinese grammatical phenomena. More, the term ＂word-class＂ in ＂word-class shift＂ is especially blurry in its connotation and different in its signified. These definitions are not able to differentiate word-class shifts from their pristine usages and their syllepses, and the statistical method of word frequency in common use bears its own limitations to a great extent. And the so-called conditions for word-class shifts are mere products of the comparison between ancient Chinese and modern Chi- nese and this is of course a mistake of the ＂first impressions being the strongest＂. For, they have nothing to do with the sphere of word-class shifts, so that opinions of it differ; and, without mentioning the relationship between word-class shifts and the extended meaning of words, they regard them as a sheer grammatical issue, so that its essence is concealed away instead of being obvious for everybody to see. This is therefore enormously harmful to the investigation of the essence of word-class shifts.

关 键 词：古汉语 词类活用 定义 本用 词义引申 

分 类 号：H131[语言文字—汉语]