贵州燃煤型地方性氟中毒重病区总摄氟量调查分析  

Analysis of total intake of fluoride in severe endemic fluorosis regions of Guizhou Province

作　　者：李达圣[1] 安冬[1] 何平[1] 梁音[1] 靳争京[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州省疾病预防控制中心,贵州贵阳550004

出　　处：《中国地方病防治》2011年第4期268-270,共3页Chinese Journal of Control of Endemic Diseases

基　　金：贵州省自然科学基金资助:黔科合J字[2005]2050号;省长基金资助:黔直专合字[2005]380号;省卫生厅科研基金资助:黔卫发[2004]156号

摘　　要：目的探讨贵州燃煤型地方性氟中毒(地氟病)重病区总摄氟量变化。方法采用随机分层抽样方法,对地氟病重病区村作了流行病学现况和回顾性调查。结果 4个历史重病区村儿童氟斑牙总体检出率达90%以上,缺损型达40%以上,临床氟骨症检出率达40%以上,其中重度检出率达5%以上,但8、9岁组儿童氟斑牙检出率、16岁组临床氟骨症检出率已经显著下降,未见儿童长骨畸形患者。20世纪90年代前历史重病区村日人均总摄氟量30 mg以上,近年仍达18 mg。氟来源的摄入构成顺序依次为辣椒>玉米>大米>蔬菜>饮水>空气,这与10年前构成截然不同。2个对照村地氟病病情显著低于历史重病区村,但其患病时间等分布情况与历史重病区村类似。结论近10年贵州省地氟病重病区总摄氟水平显著降低,病情得到显著控制。但是,历史重病区氟污染仍然十分严重,摄氟量仍然较高。病区摄氟途径构成明显改变,通过烘炕干辣椒摄氟途径需要高度重视。Objective To study the changes of the total intake of fluoride in severe fluorosis-endemic regions of Guizhou Province.Methods 4 historic severe endemic villages and 2 mild villages（control） were investigated by ways of random sampling in the present and retrospect epidemiological study.Results The total detection rate of dental fluorosis in the children aged 8 to 12 years was above 90%,defect type was above 40%,clinic skeletal fluorosis was above 40%,and the sever type above 5%.But the detection rate of dental fluorosis of the age group of 8 and 9 years old was significantly decreased,and the rate of skeletal fluorosis in the group of 16 years old was also decreased obviously.No child cases with the deformity of bone were seen.The daily mean total intake of fluoride was above 30 mg before the 1980＇s,and below 18 mg in 2006.The order of the constitution of intake is as follows： chilipepper corn rice vegetables drinking water air,which is quit different from that of 10 years ago.The time distribution for mild control villages is the same as the severe villages,but severity of fluorosis was significantly lower than that of severe villages.Conclusions The daily mean total intake of fluoride in the severe fluorosis regions of Guizhou is significantly decreased,which resulted in control of the development and prevalence of endemic fluorosis.However,the situation of the severe endemic regions is still worse,and the total intake of fluoride is still higher.The intake path of fluoride through chilipepper need much regard although the constitution of food changed.

关 键 词：燃煤污染 地方性氟中毒 重病区 流行因素 总摄氟量 

分 类 号：R599.9[医药卫生—内科学]