计算机对使用者颈腰椎健康的影响及预防对策  

Affect on Cervical-lumbar Health by Using Computer and The Preventive Measures

作　　者：孟迎春[1] 赵玉敏[1] 王海泉[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学附属省立医院针灸理疗康复科,济南市250021

出　　处：《职业与健康》2011年第15期1685-1688,共4页Occupation and Health

基　　金：山东省科技厅2008年科学技术发展计划(项目编号:软科学部分2008RKA336)

摘　　要：目的调查高频率计算机使用者的颈腰椎健康状况,分析使用计算机因素对颈腰椎发病的影响及预防对策。方法编制《计算机使用者颈腰椎健康状况调查表》,对山东省某通信公司661名职员进行问卷调查,收集相关使用计算机及颈腰椎健康状况信息。将所有资料输入计算机,以SPSS 11.5软件进行统计分析,涉及多元logistic回归分析、χ2检验及t检验。结果该次调查人群93.0%使用计算机频率≥4次/周,日均使用时间为(8.08±2.67)h,且男性在使用频率和日均使用时间上均明显高于女性(P<0.01),不同年龄段间在使用计算机年限、使用计算机频率和日均使用时间上有显著差异;颈椎病和(或)腰椎间盘突出症患者为396人,患病率为59.9%。单因素分析显示,性别、年龄、婚否、使用计算机年限、日均使用时间、遗传因素、锻炼因素和休息习惯在颈腰椎病组与非颈腰椎病组差异有统计学意义;多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,性别、年龄、使用计算机频率、使用计算机年限、日均使用时间及遗传因素、锻炼因素为颈腰椎病致病的危险因素。结论通信公司职员是计算机使用群体,也是颈腰椎病高发人群,使用计算机年限和频率、日均使用时间及使用计算机中的休息习惯为颈腰椎病致病的危险因素。合理安排工作时间、设计并安装相关软件以提醒使用者休息及控制计算机使用时间,是计算机使用者预防颈腰椎病的有效措施。[Objective]To investigate the health status of frequent computer users,to analyze the influence of computer use on the prevalence of cervical-lumbar spondylosis and preventive measures.[Methods]A questionnaire survey for cervical-lumbar health status of computer user was designed for investigation on 661 employees in a communication corporation of Shandong Province.The information of computer use and cervical-lumbar health was put into computer and statistically analyzed by SPSS 11.5,involving logistic regression analysis,χ^2 test and t test.[Results]93.0% of investigated subjects used computer≥4 times/ week,average daily time of computer using was（8.08±2.67） hours,there were significant differences between men and women in frequency and average daily time of computer using,so were different age groups in total years,frequency and equal daily time of computer using.The number of cervical and（or）lumbar spondylosis patients was 396,the prevalence was 59.9%.Single factor analysis showed that there were significant differences between patients group and non patients groups in sex,age,marriage,total years of computer using,average daily time of computer using,heredity,physical exercise and rest habit factors.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors related to cervical-lumbar spondylosis were sex,age,frequency of computer using,total years of computer using,average daily time of computer using,heredity and physical exercise factors.[Conclusion]Communications corporation employees use computers frequently and the prevalence of cervical-lumbar spondylosis among them is higher than that of general population.Risk computer factors related to cervical-lumbar spondylosis are frequency,total years,equal daily time and rest habit when using computer.The effective prevention measures against cervical-lumbar spondylosis include arranging reasonable working time on computer,designing and setting software to remind of rest,in order to control Working time and so on.

关 键 词：计算机 颈椎 腰椎 流行病学研究 危险因素 患病率 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]