玉米免耕播种施肥机精准作业监控系统  

Precision control system of no-tillage corn planter

作　　者：苑严伟[1,2] 张小超[2] 吴才聪[1] 张俊宁[2] 周利明[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学遥感与地理信息系统研究所,北京100871 [2]中国农业机械化科学研究院土壤植物机器系统技术国家重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2011年第8期222-226,共5页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：十二五科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD20B01);中国博士后科学基金项目(20100480136);北京科技计划项目(D101105046310002)

摘　　要：为了解决玉米播种和施肥时种子和肥料利用率低、投入高、产出低的问题,研制了玉米免耕播种施肥机精准作业监控系统。针对土壤墒情、肥力以及不同地区玉米播种农艺,研制玉米变粒距自动控制系统,通过控制伺服电机,结合拖拉机行走速度,对排种轴的转速进行反馈控制,实现播种粒距的自动调节。根据作业处方图和GPS信息,结合肥箱肥料质量和机具前进速度,得到施肥控制量,输出到伺服电机驱动器,调节排肥轴的转速,实现按处方图施肥作业。试验结果表明,肥料控制精度在3.31%以内,对玉米点播,实现播种粒距10～20cm在线无级调整,最大控制误差不高于4.48%。该研究实现了玉米免耕播种施肥机变量施肥和精密播种。To solve the problem of low usage of seed and fertilizer while seeding and fertilizing, precise detection and control system of no-tillage planter was developed. According to moisture and fertility of soil, together with corn planting agronomy, seed distance adjusting system was studied. Seed axis was derived by servo motor according to tractor travel speed to adjust the seed distances automatically. According to prescription operation maps and GPS information, combined with the weight of fertilizer box and speed, fertilizer signal was got to drive the servo motor Test results showed that control accuracy of fertilizer was 2%, and seed space could be adjusted from 10 to 20 cm steplessly, with the maximum error of 4.48%.This study realizes variable rate fertilize and precision plant.

关 键 词：精准工程 控制装置 设计 玉米免耕播种机 变量施肥 粒距调节 处方图 

分 类 号：S127[农业科学—农业基础科学]