4-甲基甲卡西酮综述  

MephedroneReview

作　　者：常颖[1] 高利生[1] 

机构地区：[1]公安部物证鉴定中心,100038

出　　处：《中国现代药物应用》2011年第15期121-125,共5页Chinese Journal of Modern Drug Application

摘　　要：4-甲基甲卡西酮，合成的刺激剂，是安非他明、卡西酮类物质。英文名称为Mephedrone，也称为Meph，drone，MCAT。据报道在中国合成，其化学结构和非洲东部khat植物中的卡西酮类化合物相似。有片剂或粉末，使用者可以吞服、鼻息或注射，它和MDMA、安非他明和可卡因有相似的效果。当使用Mephedrone时，产生刺激效果的同时产生副作用，磨牙最为常见。研究Mephedrone在人和老鼠中的代谢物，可以在尿液中检测到。Mephedrone潜在的神经毒性还未知，但是科学家们已经从它和其他药物的相似性中得到其可能的危害。许多人在使用Mephedrone后死亡，但是一些死亡的原因后期发现是由于其他因素引起的。Mephedrone于1929年首次合成，但是没有广为人知直到2003年重新发现。据报道2007年Mephedrone在网络销售，2008年法律强制会已经注意到这个化合物，2010年在欧洲大部分国家均有报道，尤其在英国特别流行。2008年以色列首次规定Mephedrone非法，同年瑞典也规定其非法。2010年很多欧洲国家规定其非法，同年12月欧盟规定其在欧洲非法。在澳大利亚、新西兰和美国，被认为是其他非法药物的类似物，被和Federal AnalogAct类似的法律控制。在美国，只有做为人类消费品才能出售，如标识为“植物食品”或“浴盐”就能合法出售。Mephedrone, also known as 4-methylmethcathinone, is a synthetic stimulant and entactogen drug of the amphetamine and cathinone classes. Slang names include Meph drone, and MCAT. It is report- edly manufactured in China and is chemically similar to the cathinone compounds found in the khat plant of eastern Africa. It comes in the form of tablets or a powder, which users can swallow, snort or inject, producing similar effects to MDMA, amphetamines, and cocaine. As well as producing the intended stimulant effects, negative side effects occur when Mephedrone is used, with teeth grinding the most common. The metabolism of Mephedrone has been studied in rats and humans, and the metabolites can be detected in urine after usage. Nothing is known about the potential neurotoxicity of Mephedrone, but scientists have suggested possible dan- gers associated with its use based on its similarity to other drugs. Several people have died after consuming Mephedrone, but some deaths that the media attributed to the drug were later determined to have been caused by other factors. Mephedrone was first synthesised in 1929 but did not become widely known until it was redis- covered in 2003. By 2007 Mephedrone was reported to be available for sale on the internet, by 2008 law enforcement agencies had become aware of the compound and by 2010 it had been reported in most of Europe, becoming particularly prevalent in the United Kingdom. Mephedrone was first made illegal in Israel in 2008, followed by Sweden later that year. In 2010 it was made illegal in many European countries and in December 2010, the EU ruled it illegal across Europe. In Australia, New Zealand, and the USA it is considered an analog of other illegal drugs and can be controlled by laws similar to the Federal Analog Act. In the USA, this only applies if the drug is sold for human consumption, allowing it to be sold legally if labelled as‘ plant food＇ or ‘bath salts＇

关 键 词：4-甲基甲卡西酮 效果 滥用方式 药理学 化学性质 法律状态 

分 类 号：R979.1[医药卫生—药品]