反语的社会认知平衡模式  

A Socio-cognitive Balance Model of Verbal Irony

作　　者：张立新[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学外国语学院,江苏南京210016

出　　处：《外语研究》2011年第4期30-35,112,共6页Foreign Languages Research

基　　金：江苏省教育厅哲学社会科学基金项目"多模态话语的认知分析与建构"(项目编号09SJD740013)的资助

摘　　要：反语表达言者的讽刺、调侃等社会态度,言者、听者与言语事件之间的认知情感关系构成反语的态度单元。反语来自于言者的显性所言与隐性所含之间的对立,言者把所言传递给听者而保留了所含,使听者和言者对言语事件认知产生冲突,从而导致交际单元失衡。而认知平衡趋势要求听者付出最小努力,对言语事件重新进行认知评价。听者沿着相反极改变他的认知或情感后,弥合了与言者的认知或情感差异,重建了平衡单元,从而辨认出言者的态度。本文试图把交际态度单元与概念整合理论相融合,在Newcomb(1953)等人研究的基础上,建立反语的社会认知平衡模式,以诠释反语意义及态度产生和理解的具体操作过程。Verbal irony reflects the speaker's social attitude such as satire or mockery,its attitude units established between a speaker,a hearer and their speech acts by means of cognition and affect.Irony derives from the contradiction between what a speaker explicitly says and what he implicitly believes.The speaker conveys his literal meaning to the hearer while harboring his true beliefs,which produces a cognitive conflict towards the speech act between the speaker and the hearer,making an unbalanced communicative unit.The tendency toward balance,however,requires the hearer to make cognitive evaluation at the cost of the hearer's minimum effort.When the cognitive or affect difference is bridged after the hearer reverse his cognition or affect,the balanced unit is regained and the speaker's attitude is recognized.Integrating the attitude unit of communication with Conceptual Blending,a Socio-cognitive Balance Model can be set up,through which the verbal irony may be interpreted in terms of its meaning and attitude.

关 键 词：反语 讽刺 态度单元 认知评价 概念整合 社会认知平衡模式 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]