石墨及其改性产物研究进展  

Development of Graphite and Its Derivatives

作　　者：杨永清[1] 齐暑华[1] 张翼[1] 李珺鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学理学院应用化学系,西安710129

出　　处：《材料导报》2011年第15期53-57,共5页Materials Reports

摘　　要：天然石墨是具有片层结构的含碳无机材料,层间由范德华力连接,可用物理或化学方法将其它分子、原子、离子甚至原子团插入其层间,生成石墨层间化合物(GIC);GIC经高温膨胀可得到体积为其几百倍的膨胀石墨(EG);在超声粉碎时,膨胀石墨上的石墨微片剥离,得到纳米石墨微片(NanoG)。近年来,富勒烯(Fullerence)、碳纳米管(CNT)、石墨烯(Graphene)的先后开发,为石墨家族注入新的活力,并为其应用开辟了新的空间。系统论述了天然石墨及其改性产物如EG、NanoG、Graphene、CNT、Fullerence的结构、制备方法、性质及用途。Natural graphite is a carbon based inorganic material with a multilayered structure and can be interconnected by van der Waals force between its layers. This special structure decides that graphite can be intercalated by many things such as molecules, atoms, ions and atomic groups by using chemical or physical methods and get another new material, that is, graphite intercalation compounds （GIC）. By rapidly thermal treatment, GIC can be expanded several hundreds times the volume of its original and get expanded graphite （EG） which has a worm--like structure. When treated with ultrasonication in an aqueous alcohol solution, the nanosheets of EG can be exfoliated and changed into nanosheets graphite（NanoG）. In recent years, other carbon based materials such as fullerence, carbon nanotube （CNT） and graphene were developed one by one which inject new vitality into the graphite family and open a new applied space for the graphite. The structure, methods of preparation, properties and functions of the natural graphite （NG） and its derivatives such as expanded graphite（EG）, graphite nanosheet （NanoG）, graphene, carbon nano-tube （CNT） and fulterence are discussed systemically.

关 键 词：膨胀石墨 纳米石墨微片 石墨烯 碳纳米管 富勒烯 

分 类 号：TQ165[化学工程—高温制品工业]