不同沟垄覆盖方式对冬小麦土壤水分及水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of Different Furrow-ridge Mulching Ways on Soil Moisture and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat

作　　者：李儒[1,2] 崔荣美[1,2] 贾志宽[1,2] 韩清芳[1,2] 路文涛[1,2] 侯贤清[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学农学院/农业部旱地作物生产与生态重点开放实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2011年第16期3312-3322,共11页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划(2006BAD29B03);陕西省农业科技创新项目(2010NKC-03)

摘　　要：【目的】探索半湿润区沟垄覆盖栽培条件下冬小麦田的蓄水保墒效果和增产增收效应。【方法】采用普通地膜、液体地膜和秸秆设置不同沟垄覆盖栽培模式,连续3年对冬小麦土壤水分、产量、水分利用效率和经济效益进行分析研究。【结果】在冬小麦全生育期,垄覆地膜沟覆秸秆的蓄水保墒作用最为明显,能有效改善土壤的水分利用状况。垄覆地膜沟覆秸秆和垄覆液膜沟覆秸秆的产量最高,3年平均产量分别较平作不覆(CK1)提高39.3%(P<0.05)和29.4%(P<0.05),较垄不覆沟不覆(CK2)提高35.6%(P<0.05)和25.9%(P<0.05),WUE平均分别较CK1提高39.6%(P<0.05)和30.3%(P<0.05),较CK2提高33.4%(P<0.05)和24.5%(P<0.05)。以垄覆地膜沟覆秸秆的经济效益最高,3年平均达4 951.4元/hm2,较CK1增收1 452.1元/hm2,较CK2增收1 416.5元/hm2,其次为垄覆液膜沟覆秸秆,与CK1和CK2相比均呈显著性差异(P<0.05)。【结论】在沟垄覆盖栽培条件下,垄覆地膜沟覆秸秆、垄覆液膜沟覆秸秆是半湿润区小麦旱作的高效栽培模式。【Objective】The objective of the experiment was to explore the effect of soil water conservation,grain yield and income increments of winter wheat under different furrow-ridge mulching cultivation conditions in semi-humid area.【Method】 Different cultivation patterns of furrow-ridge mulching were designed using ordinary film,liquid film and straw and soil moisture,yield,water use efficiency and economic benefits of winter wheat were analyzed for three years.【Result】When treated with ordinary film and straw dual-mulching,it had obvious effect of keeping moisture during the whole growth period of winter wheat,which could effectively improve the soil water utilization.In three years,the ordinary film and straw dual-mulching was the highest yield treatment among all treatments,followed by liquid film and straw dual-mulching treatment,the average of yield in three wheat production seasons,increased by 39.3%（P〈0.05） and 29.4%（P〈0.05） compared to conventional flat practice（CK1） respectively,and by 35.6%（P〈0.05） and 25.9%（P〈0.05） compared to the furrow-ridge no-mulching（CK2）,respectively.The average of water use efficiency（WUE） of the two increased by 39.6%（P〈0.05） and 30.3%（P〈0.05） compared with CK1,respectively,and by 33.4%（P〈0.05） and 24.5%（P〈0.05） compared with CK2,respectively.The ordinary film and straw dual-mulching gained the highest economic benefit among all treatments and reached up to 4951.4 yuan/hm2 on average in three years,1452.1 yuan/hm2 higher than CK1,and 1416.5 yuan/hm2 higher than CK2,and was followed by the liquid film and straw dual-mulching,which compared to CK1 and CK2,both showed significant difference（P〈0.05）.【Conclusion】 Under furrow-ridge mulching cultivation conditions,the ordinary plastic film and straw dual-mulching and the liquid film and straw dual-mulching are efficient cultivation patterns for wheat in semi-humid area.

关 键 词：冬小麦 沟垄覆盖方式 水分利用效率 产量 半湿润区 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]