硝基苯精馏过程爆炸事故的影响因素试验研究  

Experimental research on the factors affecting rectification explosion in nitrobenzene production

作　　者：黄文君[1,2] 石宁[2] 霍明甲[2] 王犇[1] 谢传欣[2] 李程[1] 张海峰[2] 

机构地区：[1]青岛科技大学环境与安全工程学院,山东青岛266042 [2]中国石化安全工程研究院化学品安全控制国家重点实验室,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2011年第4期154-157,共4页Journal of Safety and Environment

摘　　要：为了对存在热失控危险的硝基苯精馏装置爆炸事故因素进行研究,利用RSD快速筛选量热仪,对硝基苯精馏塔中存在的主要危险物质(硝基苯、二硝基苯和二硝基酚钠盐)进行试验测试,筛选出最危险物质。在获得主要危险物反应质热失控的基础数据条件下,对二硝基酚钠与硝基苯间不同比例的复配物进行热分析测试。研究表明:在相同的操作条件下,二硝基酚钠盐有放热反应,纯物质硝基苯和二硝基苯在测试条件下较稳定,没有放热现象;当二硝基酚钠盐与硝基苯复配后在试验过程中有强放热反应,存在较大的热失控风险。The present paper is aimed to introduce the results of study on the thermo-deeomposing temperature and self-reaction of the main hazardous substances found in the rectification process, which including nitrobenzene, dinitrobenzene, sodium 2,4 - dinitropheno- late and the mixture solutions of nitrobenzene with sodium 2,4- dial- trophenolate. As is known, the hazardous thermal reactive explosion of nitrobenzene tar in the process of industrial production has often aroused great concern of the public. The study on how to solve the problem has become a hot topic in recent years. In this paper, the rapid screening device （RSD） calorimeter purchased from Britain is employed to identify the most hazardous chemical of the nitrobenzene rectification tower through screening technology. Then the kinetic pa, rameters of the hazardous chemicals are acquired from the experimen- tal data, thus the onset temperature of thermal decomposition reaction which is a critical parameter can be found. Meanwhile, the tempera- ture for runaway reaction can also be attained. Based upon the calori- metric data of self-decomposing thermal reaction, mixed solutions of sodium 2,4- dinitrophenolate and nitrobenzene with different eoneen- tration ratio （ the sodium 2,4 - dinitrophenolate/nitrobenzene are 2×10^-5, 3×10^-5, 5×10^-5, and 2×10^-4） are tested by RSD calorimeter. The results of research indicate that, when the hazardous chemicals are heated by programmed increasing temperature, self-decom- posing reaction will take place and the decomposition of sodium dinitrophenolate is an exothermie process. Nitrobenzene and dinitroben- zene are stable in the testing condition from ambient temperature to 400℃. When sodium 2,4 - dinitrophenolate is mixed with nitrobenzene, the reaction is an intensive exothermic process, having a great exothermic runaway risk. RSD calorimeter can be used for basic experimental data determination for the study on the accidents of hazardous devices explosion dealing with exothermie runaway reaction, and p

关 键 词：安全工程 硝基苯 精馏塔 热失控反应 爆炸 RSD 

分 类 号：X937[环境科学与工程—安全科学]