建筑火灾中＂走廊-前室缓冲区＂影响因素的试验研究  

Experiment study on the positive and negative functions of the "Corridor-Atria Buffer" in case of high-rise building fire

作　　者：李静娴[1] 何嘉鹏[1] 周汝[1] 张威[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学城市建设与安全工程学院,江苏省城市与工业安全重点实验室,南京210009

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2011年第4期176-179,共4页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK2008369)

摘　　要：通过在走廊与前室之间设置"走廊-前室缓冲区"来改善高层建筑传统前室正压送风系统。其完整设想是在前室前设置一段无烟区,通过防烟空气幕作为柔性隔断划分缓冲段和走廊段,并且在气幕前设置排烟口,排出多余的新鲜空气,从而避免影响火场机械排烟效率。利用全尺寸风洞试验台模拟高层建筑内的长廊型空间,重点考察缓冲区内空气幕倾角、射流速度及排气口排气量对缓冲区效果的影响。结果表明:0～60°范围内,空气幕倾角越大越好;在风量不超过总送风量规定下,空气幕射流速度越大越利于防烟,射流速度约为16m/s时,机械排烟效率较高;缓冲区排气口排烟量介于1 708～2 563m^3/h时,缓冲区的设置的效果最佳。当缓冲区内各因素的值满足以上设置时,能够提供较高的排烟效率,达到72.8%。既能保证走廊内烟气的及时排出,更有利于火灾时人员的安全疏散。The present article intends to make a deep-going study of the positive and negative functions of the ＂ corridor-atria buffer＂ in case of high-rise building fire in terms of the pressurizing air supply system. For instance, heavy smoke may be amassed in the atria, which would affect the evacuation visibility. If the door of atria is closed, it is hardly possible for the vulnerable groups of people to open the door and escape; In addition, if the fresh air from the atria spread to the corridor, the efficiency of smoke extraction would be negatively affected. Therefore, we have brought about a ＂corridor-a~ tria buffer＂ proposal to improve the traditional pressurizing air supply system, which is set between the atria and the corridor. The essential idea of ＂the corridor-atria buffer＂ lies in that a non-smoke zone be built up in hoping to give an air curtain with the corridor and atria divided into a partition where the horizontal flow is replaced by a verti- cal one. At the same time, the air outlet is used before the air curtain to let the smoke and excessive fresh air out. The full size experiment is here laid out to study the effect of the buffer in such buildings. The angle of the air curtain, its jet velocity and the smoke exhaust level of the fire in the buffer are researched as the influential factors to the effect of smoke control, from which the smoke temperature distribution and the smoke efficiency have been compared. Analyzing the results of the experiment, three conclusions can be drawn as follows： （ 1 ） the air curtain is needed the bigger angle in the 0° - 60°; （2） the best jet velocity is 16 m/s when the air input is below the total air volume and the smoke exhaust quantity in buffer is better between 1 708-2 563 m3/h. As stated above, when the angle of air curtain is 60~, the jet velocity is 16 m/s with the smoke exhaust quantity being equal to 2 563 m3/h, and the set of the ＂Corridor-Atria Buffer＂ de- signed to produce the best smoke-exhausting efficiency, which is likely

关 键 词：安全工程 烟气控制 试验 缓冲区 空气幕 

分 类 号：X924.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TU972[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]