青藏高原气候变化及其生态效应分析  

Climate change and ecological effect on the Tibetan plateau

作　　者：张云红[1] 许长军[1] 亓青 侯光亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]青海省基础地理信息中心,青海西宁810001

出　　处：《青海大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第4期18-22,共5页Journal of Qinghai University(Natural Science)

摘　　要：利用1961—2001年青藏高原气象站点气温降水数据,以及20世纪70—90年代青藏高原的遥感影像及搜集到的青藏高原冻土、冰川、植被、沙漠化、河流径流等观测数据,分析了20世纪60年代以来青藏高原气候变化及其地域变化的差异,及由于气候变化导致的青藏高原出现的生态效应及其环境问题。青藏高原对于现代的全球变暖响应显著,距今高原平均增温速率为0.16℃/10年,大于全国的增幅;降水呈微弱增加趋势,且气温与降水的变化表现出显著的地域差异;高原西部对响应全球变暖更为敏感;气候变化导致高原产生了一系列生态效应,主要包括冻土退化迅速,冰川萎缩,植被带发生迁移,土地沙化面积扩大,三江源区地表径流减少,湖泊萎缩,湿地退化。Based on the meteorological data of temperature and precipitation from 1961 to 2001 and remote sensing images during 1970＇s and 1990＇s,and observational data of permafrost,glacial,vegetation,desertification and river flow on the Tibetan Plateau,climate change differences of the plateau and other region were analyzed.Tibetan plateau responded to modern global warming was significant.The average warming rate of 0.16 ℃/10 a was greater than that of the nation in past 40 years.Precipitation showed a slight increasing trend.Changes in temperature and precipitation showed significant regional differences.The response of the west plateau to global change was more sensitive.Climate changes on the plateau have resulted in ecologiacl problems,including premafrost edgradation,glaciers shrinking,changes in vegetation,grassland degradation,desertification,reduction of surface runoff,lake and marsh degradation.

关 键 词：青藏高原 气候变化 生态效应 GIS分析 

分 类 号：P462.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]