丹江口库区麦套稻适宜施肥量及养分利用率研究  

Appropriate rate of fertilizer application and efficiency of nutrient utlization in relay cropping rice with wheat in Danjiangkou Region

作　　者：李承力[1] 杨特武[1] 徐君驰[1] 巴瑞先[2] 刘章勇[3] 熊桂云[2] 陈防[4] 刘冬碧[2] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,武汉430070 [2]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,武汉430064 [3]长江大学农学院,荆州434023 [4]中国科学院武汉植物园,武汉430074

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2011年第5期532-538,共7页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家"十一.五"科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD87B09)

摘　　要：为探讨丹江口库区麦套稻新型耕作方式的适宜施肥量,采用"3414"肥效试验方案研究了氮、磷、钾施肥对水稻产量、生产效益和养分利用的影响。结果表明,麦套稻系统水稻产量的形成主要决定于单位面积穗数和穗总粒数;氮磷钾合理施肥可显著提高产量,在N、P2O5和K2O施用量分别为168.0、75.0、90.0kg/hm2时产量最高;在氮、磷、钾三因素中,增产、增收效应的大小顺序为氮>钾>磷;施氮增产量最高达3 316kg/hm2,增产率为92.8%,养分表观利用率最高为52.9%;施磷增产量最高达546kg/hm2,增产率为8.6%,养分表观利用率最高为13.0%;施钾增产量最高达699kg/hm2,增产率为11.3%,养分表观利用率最高为69.8%。据模拟分析,麦套稻系统水稻N、P2O5和K2O的适宜施用量分别为188.0、30.0和85.0kg/hm2,其理论产量可达6 997kg/hm2。＇3414＇ field trial was adopted to study the appropriate rate of fertilizer application and efficiency of fertilizer usage in relay cropping rice with wheat,a new cropping system in Danjiangkou region.Results showed that the yield of relay cropping rice was mainly determined by the effective panicle number per hectare and total grains per panicle.Appropriate application of N,P and K fertilizer increased yield significantly and farmer＇s economic income.The highest grain yield reached up to 6 889 kg/hm2 when the rate of fertilization was N 168.0 kg/hm2, P2O5 75.0 kg/hm2 and K2O 90.0 kg/hm2.Among the effects of N,P and K fertilization,the increase of yield and economic income decreased in the order of NKP.The highest increment of yield was 3 316 kg/hm2 with an increment rate of 92.8% and the apparent nutrient efficiency of 52.9% under N application.The highest increment of yield,the increment rate and the apparent nutrient efficiency was 546 kg/hm2,8.6% and 13.0% under P application,and 699 kg/hm2,11.3% and 69.8% under K application.The modeling of fertilization effect showed that the appropriate rate of applying N,P2O5 and K2O was 188.0,30.0 and 85.0 kg/hm2 and the designable yield was 6 997 kg/hm2 in relay cropping rice with wheat in this region.

关 键 词：麦套稻 免耕套种 简化栽培 施肥效应 肥料利用率 

分 类 号：S511.506.2[农业科学—作物学]