Bt水稻杀虫蛋白时空变化及秸秆还田后在土壤中的持留规律  

EXPRESSION OF BT INSECTICIDAL PROTEIN IN BT RICE AND ITS RESIDUES IN SOIL AFTER RETURNING RICE STRAW TO FIELD

作　　者：张燕飞[1] 岳龙[1] 张素芬[1] 沈佳君[1] 付秋果[1] 李菊英[1] 汪海燕[1] 叶庆富[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学原子核农业科学研究所/农业部核农学重点实验室,浙江杭州310029

出　　处：《核农学报》2011年第4期779-784,共6页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：转基因生物新品种培育重大专项课题(2009ZX08011-014B);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目

摘　　要：以Bt抗虫水稻华池B6、TT51及其非转基因水稻亲本嘉早935、明恢63,以及与它们亲缘较远但农艺性状相近的水稻品种中九B、R9311为试验材料,研究了田间种植条件下Bt抗虫水稻杀虫蛋白的时空变化及其在根际土中的持留规律,同时,还研究了秸秆还田后Bt蛋白在土壤中的持留规律。结果表明:1)Bt抗虫水稻华池B6植株各个部位中的Cry1Ab蛋白表达量在不同生育期存在显著差异(P<0.05),其含量水平总体上表现为灌浆期>抽穗期>成熟期>分蘖盛期,TT51穗中表达蛋白含量也有相似的表现,但是其茎叶和根系中的表达蛋白含量水平在各个生育期的变化并不显著(P>0.05);2)华池B6和TT51植株不同器官中Bt蛋白的表达量表现为穗>茎叶>根系,前者穗、茎叶和根系中的含量分别为10.75～19.76μg/g FW、8.74～14.49μg/g FW和2.18～5.41μg/g FW,而后者分别为3.38～5.27μg/g FW、2.27～2.86μg/g FW和0.76～1.15μg/g FW。TT51不同器官中Bt蛋白的表达量均明显低于华池B6;3)在田间种植期间,华池B6和TT51的根际土(除净须根)中均未检测到Bt蛋白(低于检测限0.25ng/g FW),即Bt抗虫水稻在生育期内并不会造成土壤中Bt蛋白的严重残留;4)华池B6秸秆还田后98～128d期间,土壤中Cry1Ab蛋白的降解相对较快,随后降解趋缓,至195d,土壤中该蛋白的含量为0.35ng/g鲜土。而TT51秸秆还田后98～195d期间,土壤中Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac融合蛋白的含量维持在0.35～0.60ng/g鲜土,其降解相对较平缓;5)从鲜重看,2种Bt抗虫水稻与其亲本及亲缘较远但农艺性状相近的水稻品种之间的差异未达显著水平,但TT51的长势明显好于华池B6。Two varieties of Bt transgenic rice,Huachi B6 and TT51 with their correspondingparents and distant hybridization varieties,respectively,were used to determine expression of Bt gene in plants and its residue in rhizosphere soil under field condition,as well as dynamic changes of Bt protein after returningBt rice straw into field.Results showed that,significant differences in expression of Bt protein were observed in different parts of Huachi B6 plants duringdifferent breedingstages（P0.05）,generally followingthe order of seed fillingheadingmaturingflourish tillering,which was similar to the expression in TT51,while no obvious differences were found in Bt protein from TT51 duringdifferent breedingstages（P0.05）.Furthermore,expression of Bt protein in both of TT51 and Huachi B6 kept to the order of spikeshootroot duringall the growth.Totally,its expression in TT51 was significantly lower than that in Huachi B6.The levels of expression in spike,shoot and root of Huachi B6 were 10.75-19.76μg/g FW,8.74-14.49μg/g FW and 2.18-5.41μg/g FW,respectively.The correspondingin TT51 were 3.38-5.27μg/g FW,2.27-2.86μg/g FW and 0.76-1.15μg/g FW,respectively.Duringthe whole period,the Bt protein expressed via roots of Bt transgenic rice（TT51 and Huachi B6） was lower than detection limit of 0.25ng/g FW in rhizosphere soil,which can not cause serious accumulation of Bt protein in soil.Therefore,it seemed that environmental risk may not be caused by Bt protein in agroecosystem.In addition,during98-128 d after returningrice straw of Huachi B6 into field,Cry1Ab protein degraded more rapidly and followed a lagstage.Till 195 d,the content kept at the level of 0.35ng/g FW in soil.For TT51,during98-195 d,Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac fusion protein kept a level of 0.35-0.60ng/g FW,which degraded more slowly.By fresh weight,no significant differences were found in two varieties of Bt transgenic rice,their correspondingparents and distant hybridization varieties TT51 grows much better than Huachi B6.

关 键 词：Bt抗虫水稻 BT蛋白 表达 秸秆 土壤 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]