长期定位施肥对小麦玉米间作土壤酶活性的影响  

EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM LOCATED FERTILIZATION ON SOIL ENZYMATIC ACTIVITIES FOR WHEAT-MAIZE INTERCROPPING IN IRRIGATED DESERT SOILS

作　　者：马忠明[1,2] 杜少平[1] 王平 包兴国[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]农业部张掖绿洲灌区农业生态环境重点野外科学观测试验站,甘肃张掖734000 [3]兰州市农业科技研究推广中心,甘肃兰州730030

出　　处：《核农学报》2011年第4期796-801,823,共7页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2006BAD25B09)资助

摘　　要：为探讨长期施肥条件下土壤酶活性的动态变化以及土壤酶活性之间的相关性,对灌漠土小麦/玉米间作不同肥料长期定位试验地第26年耕层土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶和脲酶酶活性进行了测定与分析。结果表明,长期定位施肥下,间作小麦/玉米生育期内土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶总体均呈先升高后下降的变化趋势,在小麦拔节期至灌浆期达到最大值;而脲酶则表现出"升-降-升"的变化趋势,在间作小麦拔节期和间作玉米成熟期酶活性出现2个峰值。施肥均可提高土壤酶活性,单施有机肥、有机肥与其他有机肥和无机肥配施条件下,过氧化氢酶活性可显著提高5.7%～6.4%、脲酶活性提高25.1%～80.0%、碱性磷酸酶活性提高25.2%～68.7%;单施绿肥、绿肥与氮肥配施可使土壤蔗糖酶活性显著提高71.5%～89.8%,且配施大于单施效果。过氧化氢酶与蔗糖酶、蔗糖酶与脲酶、脲酶与碱性磷酸酶活性之间存在显著的正相关关系,相关系数为0.68,而过氧化氢酶与脲酶和碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶与碱性磷酸酶活性之间的相关性较小。In this study,soil enzymatic activities for wheat-maize intercropping in 26th year long-term located fertilization for irrigated desert soils were measured and analyzed to determine linetic variations of enzymatic activities and correlations among soil enzymatic activities under long-term located fertilization.results showed that the activities of soil catalase,invertase and alkaline phosphatase in 0～20cm soil layer increased with wheat and maize growing and reached the maximae during wheat jointing stage and filling stage,then the activities reduced after wheat filling stage.While the urease activity changed as ＂M＂ curve and reached 2 peaks at wheat jointing stage and maize maturing stage.Soil enzymatic activities increased obviously after application of different fertilizers.The activities of soil catalase increased by 5.7%～6.4%,urease increased by 25.1%～80.0%,and alkaline phosphatase by 25.2%～68.7% compared.The invertase activity increased by 71.5%～89.8% with single application of green manure and combined application of green manure with N fertilizers.The effects on soil enzymatic activities of combined application were more significant than single application.Positive correlations were significant between the catalase and invertase activity,the invertase and urease activity,urease and alkaline phosphatase activity;while the correlation were not significant between the catalase and urease activity,the catalase and alkaline phosphatase activity,the invertase and alkaline phosphatase activity.

关 键 词：土壤酶活性 小麦玉米间作 长期定位施肥 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S513