我国三种人群常见多发传染病知识与预防技能调查  

Improvement in knowledge and practices on the prevention of common infectious diseases with the implementation of behavior intervention

作　　者：李莉[1] 邸泽青 李雨波[1] 田凤华[2] 刘霞[2] 柴燕[1] 崔增伟[2] 张玢[3] 胡俊峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国健康教育中心卫生部新闻宣传中心,北京100011 [2]中华预防医学会 [3]中国医学科学院医学信息研究所

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2011年第8期677-681,共5页Chinese Preventive Medicine

基　　金：公众健康普及技术筛选与评价研究课题(编号:2009BAI76B02)

摘　　要：目的了解城市居民、农村居民、流动人口三种人群常见多发传染病知识与技能,并进行干预前后调查,比较干预效果,了解三种人群传染病健康教育现状,评估和改进干预策略,为国家制定相关政策法规提供依据。方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,在宁夏、山西、山东选择城乡居民和流动人口进行问卷调查。结果传染病知识方面,除"乙肝传播途径"外,其余传染病知识知晓率干预后均较干预前有显著提高(P<0.05)。传染病行为方式选择方面,除"不与别人共用牙刷、剃须刀"外,其余行为正确率干预后均较干预前有显著提高。阅读理解方面,干预后5道题回答正确率均显著提高,差异具有统计学意义。结论 干预前后三种人群在传染病知识、行为、阅读理解能力和现场行为操作方面有明显差异。以大众传播为主,结合组织传播和群体传播的综合干预措施是提高城乡居民和流动人口的传染病知识与技能有效策略。Objective To evaluate improvement in knowledge and practices on the prevention of common infectious diseases among migrant population,urban and rural residents with the implementation of behavior intervention.Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was applied to conduct a survey among migrant population,urban and rural residents in Ningxia,Shanxi and Shandong.Sampling areas were followed with multiple measures of education for common infectious diseases prevention,including TV advertisement,radio broadcasting,leaflets,posters,etc.The effects of intervention measures were evaluated for the selected areas.Results There were significant differences in knowledge,practices and the ability to understand the educational materials on the prevention of common infectious diseases（P0.05）.The awareness rate of infectious diseases increased significantly with the implementation of intervention except for the transmission of hepatitis B（P0.05）.The rate of appropriate health behavior for the prevention of common infectious diseases was significantly increased after the implementation of intervention measures except for the practice of no sharing toothbrush or razor with others.The ability of understanding related reading materials was also significantly improved after the implementation of education.Conclusion Migrant population,urban and rural residents improved their knowledge and practices on the prevention of common infectious diseases as well as the ability of understanding related educational materials with the implementation of multiple measures of intervention.The study confirmed the effective intervention strategy of integrated intervention measures,which were dominated by mass communication and organizational training for a broad range of population.

关 键 词：传染病 知识 技能 调查 

分 类 号：R183[医药卫生—流行病学]