中华绒螯蟹对盐度变化的适应及其渗透压调节的研究进展  

Review on the osmoregulation and adaptation to salinity changes of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis

作　　者：王悦如[1] 李二超[1] 龙丽娜[1] 禹娜[1] 张凤英[2] 陈立侨[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学生命科学学院,上海200062 [2]农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室,中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海200090

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2011年第3期352-360,共9页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30771670,31001098);国家基础研究973计划(2009CB118702);上海市科委科技项目(08DZ1906401,09ZR1409800,10JC1404100);上海市科技兴农推广项目[沪农科推字(2009)第2-1号];高等学校博士点专项基金(200802690012);农业部海洋与河口渔业资源及生态重点开放实验室开放课题基金项目部分资助

摘　　要：虾、蟹等甲壳动物具有多样的渗透压调节能力,研究虾、蟹的渗透压调节生理及其对盐度等环境因子的适应能力,可以补充和完善虾、蟹的基础生理学资料,同时对指导虾、蟹的人工育苗和养殖实践,如海水品种的淡化养殖等具有重要的参考价值。由于中华绒螯蟹在咸水中进行繁殖和幼体发育,在淡水中长成,其独特的渗透压调节方式成为国内外相关学者关注的焦点。目前,有关盐度对中华绒螯蟹生长发育的影响及其渗透压调节机理等方面,已积累了丰富的研究结果。从盐度对中华绒螯蟹发育、生长及能量代谢的影响、渗透压调节器官、离子转运及调控、血淋巴渗透压以及环境刺激物对其渗透压调节的影响等方面,总结了目前国内外相关研究的现状和进展,并就今后的重点研究内容提出了相应的建议。Most Decapods species of the crustacean have comprehensive capacity of osmoregulation,and can adapt to a wide range of ambient salinties.It is significant to further understand the underlying mechanisms of their comprehensive ability of ambient salinities and helpful for the inland culture of some marine species by studying the osmoregulation and adaptive capacity of these species to ambient salinity changes.Chinese mitten crab,Eriocheir sinensis,has been well studied in many aspects related to the physiological responses to ambient salinity changes,and many useful literatures and findings have been accumulated.Therefore,E.sinensis could be regarded as an animal model for researching on osmoregulation mechanism of Decapods species.The current research on osmoregulation of E.sinensis is reviewed in the following aspects： 1） Effects of salinity on development,growth and energy metabolism of E.sinensis.At present,effects of salinity on larval development,growth and survival rates of different periods of larva and juvenile E.sinensis have been studied.Larval development of E.sinensis needs saline water,and therefore it can tolerate certain levels of ambient salinity.From zoea to megalopa,the salinity tolerance gradually increases.And at the juvenile period,they are able to adapt to freshwater environment.All these results can provide reference for juvenile crab cultivation.Respiration and excretion are basic physiological activities of energy metabolism in animals,and can reflect the physiological status of animals.Changes of environmental conditions（such as salinity） can lead to changes of energy metabolism,which is reflected by changes of oxygen consumption rate,CO2 production rate,ammonia-N excretion rate,O/N ratio,respiratory quotient and C/N ratio etc;2） Osmoregulation organs： gills are very important organs and play a prominent role in osmoregulation and ion transport.Antennal gland also can regulate the osmotic pressure,and maintain the balance of acid-base;3） Ion transport and regulation： incl

关 键 词：中华绒螯蟹 渗透压调节 盐度 

分 类 号：S966.16[农业科学—水产养殖]