基于控制授粉技术的玉米籽粒建成与碳、氮供应关系  

Relationships of Maize Kernel Setting with Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Supply under Controlling Pollination

作　　者：冯汉宇[1] 王志敏[1] 孔凡娜[1] 张敏洁[1] 周顺利[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部农作制度重点开放实验室/中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100193

出　　处：《作物学报》2011年第8期1415-1422,共8页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(nyhyzx07-003;200903007)资助

摘　　要：以郑单958和超试1号为材料,通过控制玉米果穗底部花丝不受粉使顶部籽粒正常结实,比较了玉米籽粒早期碳、氮含量动态变化及其与败育的关系。结果表明,控制底部花丝不受粉,提高了顶部穗轴的可溶性糖浓度,增加了对顶部籽粒的物质供应,顶部籽粒的可溶性糖、蔗糖含量提高,淀粉快速积累,顶部籽粒的氮含量增加,籽粒C/N比值提高,籽粒重量快速增加,发育转为正常,表现出与中部籽粒一致的碳、氮变化动态特征以及籽粒生长动态;相反,统一完全授粉处理顶部穗轴的可溶性糖浓度低,顶部籽粒的物质供应少,可溶性糖、蔗糖含量低,淀粉含量提高缓慢,氮含量也较低,籽粒的C/N比值偏低,表现为粒重增加缓慢,最后败育。2个品种表现出一致的规律性。总之,玉米顶部籽粒的正常发育伴随着碳、氮等物质的充足供应,物质供应不足可能是顶部籽粒不能正常发育的根本原因。Two different types of maize cultivars Zhengdan 958 and Chaoshi 1 were used, the apical kernel was stimulated to be set by decreasing the pollination of ear basal filaments, and a comparative study was conducted in the change of carbohydrate and nitrogen in early kernel and its relationships with kernel abortion. The results showed that nutrient supply of the apical region of maize ear was significantly improved in the treatment of no-pollination of basal ear region, so that concentration of soluble sugars in cob and kernel and kernel sucrose content increased significantly, starch of the apical kernel accumulated fast, kernel nitrogen content increased also, C/N value was higher, and the apical kernel weight increased fast and developed normally;on the contrary, nutrient supply of the apical region of maize ear was lower in the treatment of complete pollination at the same time, the concen-tration of soluble sugars in cob and kernel and kernel sucrose content were lower, the starch of the apical kernel accumulated slowly, the kernel nitrogen content and the C/N value were lower also, and the apical kernel weight increased slowly and aborted finally. Similar changes between the two maize cultivars in carbohydrate and nitrogen, and kernel growth were observed. These data indicated that the normal growth and development of the apical kernels are accompanied by an adequate carbohydrate and nitrogen supply, the shortage of nutrient supply may be the fundamental cause of kernel abortion.

关 键 词：玉米 控制授粉 碳 氮 籽粒败育 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]