1951—2009年中国不同区域气温和降水量变化特征  

Characteristics of air temperature and precipitation in different regions of China from 1951 to 2009

作　　者：虞海燕[1,2] 刘树华[1] 赵娜[1,2] 李栋[2] 于永涛[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学物理学院大气科学系,北京100871 [2]北京市气象局,北京100089

出　　处：《气象与环境学报》2011年第4期1-11,共11页Journal of Meteorology and Environment

基　　金：国家重点基础发展计划项目(2009CB421402)资助

摘　　要：为了研究中国不同区域气候变化特征,将全国按照气候区域划分为11个气候区,并利用1951—2009年中国194个国家基本/基准站月、年气温和降水观测资料,对全国及每个气候区平均温度及降水量的年和季节变化特征进行分析。结果表明:中国及各地区增温趋势均为极显著增加,尤其近20 a增温速度更快;而2007年成为有记录以来最暖的一年;中国冬季平均温度上升趋势最明显,春季次之,夏季几乎没有变化。中国平均年总降水量20世纪50年代最多,2000年代最少;而华北地区的年降水量减少最快;在四季降水中,中国只有夏季降水量波动略有增加,且各区域降水分布具有明显的南北差异特征。The climatic regions in China were divided into 11 types for studying the characteristics of climatic change in the different regions of China.Based on the monthly and annual air temperature and precipitation data in 194 weather stations from 1951 to 2009 in China,the characteristics of mean annual and seasonal air temperature and precipitation in each climatic region and in the whole China were analyzed.The results indicate that the warming trend is significant in each climatic region and in the whole China,especially in the recent 20 years.The warmest year from the historical record is 2007.The ascending trend of temperature is more obvious in winter than in spring,while temperature in summer is almost unchanged.The maximum mean annual total precipitation in the whole China occurs in 1950s and the minimum happens in 2000s.Annual precipitation reduces significantly in the North China.Among the four seasons,precipitation in summer shows slightly increased fluctuation.The distributions of precipitation in different regions show clear differences between the north and south China.

关 键 词：气候区划 平均温度 降水量 增温趋势 南北地区差异 中国不同区域 

分 类 号：P468.021[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P468.024