小麦株型性状与产量性状及生物学产量关系的初步研究  

Preliminary Study on the Relationship Between Plant-type Traits and Yield Components & Biomass in Wheat

作　　者：何贤芳[1] 赵莉[1] 朱昭进[2] 王青[2] 汪建来[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院作物研究所,安徽合肥230031 [2]安徽农业大学,安徽合肥230036

出　　处：《园艺与种苗》2011年第4期6-10,28,共6页Horticulture & Seed

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划重大项目--沿淮低洼地农业减灾增效关键技术研究与集成示范(2009BADA6B00)

摘　　要：[目的]研究小麦株型性状与产量性状及生物学产量的关系,探讨淮北地区高产小麦品种适宜的株型结构。[方法]以10个小麦品种(系)为试验材料,研究不同品种(系)的株型性状(株高、穗长、穗颈长、倒二节长、倒三节长、倒四节长、基部节间长与冠层上三叶长、宽、面积、单茎上三叶面积、高效LAI)与产量相关性状(产量、有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、经济系数)及生物学产量之间的相关性。[结果]产量与旗叶宽、旗叶面积、倒二叶宽、穗长呈显著或极显著正相关;而株型性状中仅有高效LAI与生物学产量相关达到极显著水平。[结论]安徽淮北地区高产小麦适宜的株型及群体:在较高经济系数的前提下,穗数675万/hm2以上,株高80 cm左右,穗长10 cm以上,穗颈长30 cm左右,基部节间长不超过50 cm;叶片短、宽、挺,旗叶长17～21 cm,旗叶宽1.4～1.6 cm;倒二叶长19～25 cm,倒二叶宽1.3～1.5cm;倒三叶长19～26 cm,倒三叶宽1.3～1.6 cm,高效LAI 4.5～5.0;"控株-增穗-增叶"可能是安徽淮北地区小麦实现超高产的有效途径。[Objective] The study was aimed to probe the key indices for ideal plant-type structure of high-yielding wheat in Huaibei region. [Methodl Ten wheat varieties （or lines）, suitable for cultivation under Anhui ecological conditions, were chosen as the experimental materials to study the relationships between plant-type traits （plant height, spike length, length of first, second, third and fourth nodes, basal internodes length, the length, width and area of canopy top three leaves, the area of stem top three leaves and efficient LAI） and biomass ＆ yield components （number of spikes, grain number, 1 000-grain weight, harvest index,）. [Results] For most of the varieties （or lines） studied, grain yieht was significantly correlated to flag leaf area, spike length and width of canopy top two leaves. For all the studied plant- type traits, biomass was significantly related to efficient LAI. [Conclusion] Under high yield expectation, the ideal plant-type structure of wheat in Huaibei region is： spike number 6 750 000/hm2, plant height 80 cm, ear length above 10 cm, spike neck length 30 cm, basal internodes length less than 50 cm： short, wide leaves, efficient LAI varying from 4.5 to 5.0. It is probably an efficient and feasible strategy for super-high wheat production in Huaibei region as developing suitable plant shape, increasing the number of ears and efficient leaf area index.

关 键 词：小麦 株型性状 产量 生物学产量 控株-增穗-增叶 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]