大学生社交回避、苦恼现况及影响因素分析  

Prevalence and influercing factors of social avoidance and distress in college students

作　　者：代金芳[1] 董杉[1] 王声湧[1] 王畅[1] 池桂波[1] 董晓梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]暨南大学医学院伤害预防与控制教研室,广东广州510632

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2011年第9期1084-1086,共3页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：广东省卫生厅医学科研基金(B2009123);暨南大学科研培育与创新基金研究项目(10JYB2048)

摘　　要：目的了解大学生社交回避及苦恼现状及其影响因素。方法采用整群抽样方法对1 937名广州市大学生进行问卷调查。结果大学生社交回避及苦恼总分为(76.92±13.70)分,二、三、四年级大学生社交回避、苦恼均高于其他年级学生(F=3.579;F=10.162,均P<0.05),三年级社交回避、苦恼得分最高,分别为(39.94±5.77)、(39.84±6.52)分;港澳台生社交苦恼及总得分最高,分别为(39.34±8.11)、(78.85±14.49)分,高于国内生、境外生(F=5.999,F=4.184,均P<0.05);月生活费越低的大学生社交回避越严重(F=2.852,P<0.05),月生活费>1 500元的学生社交回避得分最低,为(37.63±7.26)分;内向学生社交回避、苦恼明显高于外向生(t=12.385,t=11.292,均P<0.05),社交回避、苦恼得分分别为(41.36±6.64)、(40.54±7.39)分;父母教养方式主要影响大学生社交回避,经历生活负性事件的大学生社交回避及苦恼状况均较未经历过的学生严重,父母亲文化程度为中学、技校的学生社交回避及苦恼得分较高;分类树结果显示,性格和父亲文化程度是社交回避及苦恼的主要影响因素,内向且父亲文化程度是小学及以下、初中、高职技校或中专的学生社交回避及苦恼总得分最高。结论大学生社交回避及苦恼受年级、月生活费、生源地、性格、父母亲教养方式及文化程度、生活负性事件等因素的影响。Objective To examine the prevalence and influencing factors of social avoidance and distress among college students in Guangzhou city. Methods A survey on social avoidance and distress was carried out in 1 937 university students selected with cluster sampling. Results The total score of avoidance and distress was 76.92 ± 13.70 for the students and the scores for the students in grade two,three,and four were higher than those of the students of other grades （F=3.579,F = 10. 162; P 〈 0.05）. The students in grade three had the highest avoidance and distress scores of 39.94 ±5.77 and 39. 84 ± 6. 52. The students from Hongkong, Macao and Taiwan had a higher social distress score （39. 34±8.11） and a higher total score than those of the mainland and overseas students （F = 5.999, F = 4. 184, P 〈 0. 05）. The students with less monthly maintenance had a heavier social avoidance （ F = 2. 852, P 〈 0. 05 ） and the students with monthly maintenance of 1 500 RMB yuan or more had the lowest score（37.63 ± 7.26）. The introvert college students had higher scores of social avoidance （ 41.36 ± 6. 64 ） and distress （ 40. 54 ± 7. 39 ） than those of the extravert students（ t = 12 385, t = 11. 292, P 〈 0. 05 for all ）. The parenting styles affected the status of social avoidance and negative life events were positively correlated with social avoidance and distress among the students. The results of taxonomic tree analyses showed that personality and education levels of the father were main influencing factors of social avoidance and distress among the students and the introvert students with fathers having the education under college level showed the highest scores of social avoidence and distress. Conelusion The social avoidance and distress are influenced by the grade, monthly manntainance, hometown, peronality, parenting style, education degree of parents, and negative life events among college students.

关 键 词：大学生 社交回避 社交苦恼 影响因素 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]