山地河流生境快速评价模型与应用  

Rapid assessment model for mountain stream habitat and its application

作　　者：王强[1,2] 袁兴中[1,2] 刘红[1] 张跃伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆大学资源及环境科学学院,重庆400030 [2]西南资源开发及环境灾害控制工程教育部重点实验室,重庆400030

出　　处：《水利学报》2011年第8期928-933,共6页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50749045);国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2006BAJ08B01);中欧生物多样性项目(CQECBP-A208)

摘　　要：从河流生境结构和功能出发,选用河流生境多样性指数、河道湿润率、生境单元质量指数,采用专家打分法确定权重系数,建立了山地河流生境快速评价指标体系及定量评价模型。选取三峡库区的典型山地河流东河进行河流生境质量定量评价。结果表明该河流生境质量从库尾以上河段起向下游逐步下降,在引水坝以下河段降至最低,其后呈逐渐恢复的态势。坝下河流生境主要受到河流减水影响;坝上河段河流生境主要受泥沙淤积影响。该评价结果能较直观地反映水电工程影响下山地河流生境状况,以及导致河流生境质量衰退的原因。This paper presents an evaluation model which was originated from both stream ecosystem structure and function integrality and composed by an index system including stream habitat diversity indicator, channel wet rate and habitat unit quality indicator for rapid habitat quantificational assessment. The weight of indicators was determined by means of Delphi method. The model was used to assess the stream habitat quality of the Donghe River which located in the Three Gorges region and influenced by the hydroelectric projects. The results show that the habitat quality of the segment behind the dam is worse than the segment both in front of the dam and behind the hydroelectric plant water outlet. Lack of fiver ecological basic flow should be responsible for the worse status of the segment behind the dam and sediment deposition depressed the status of stream habitat in front of the dam. Results of the evaluation can more directly reflect the status of habitat in mountainous streams under the influence of hydropower projects, as well as the causes of their deterioration.

关 键 词：快速评价 山地河流生境 环境影响评价 生物多样性 水电项目 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]