野生二粒小麦及其后代富含微量营养元素种质资源的筛选鉴定  

Identification of germplasm with enriched micronutrients of wild emmer and progeny of wild emmer × common wheat

作　　者：许云峰[1] 许红星[1] 安调过[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心,石家庄050022

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2011年第5期1205-1209,共5页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30940046)资助

摘　　要：由于主要粮食作物中微量营养元素(特别是Zn和Fe)的缺乏导致全世界范围内的人类微量营养元素缺乏症。野生二粒小麦(Triticum turgidum ssp.dicoccoides)是提高小麦籽粒Zn、Fe、蛋白质含量及改良小麦其他性状的重要种质资源。本研究以4份野生二粒小麦及32份野生二粒小麦与普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)杂交后代为材料,进行籽粒中富含Zn、Fe和蛋白质种质资源的筛选和鉴定。野生二粒小麦的后代材料表现出广泛的遗传变异。籽粒Zn、Fe含量和蛋白质含量之间均呈极显著正相关关系,说明这些性状能够通过育种方式达到共同提高的目的。试验共筛选到17份Zn、Fe和蛋白质含量均显著高于对照品种"石4185"的材料,说明将来自野生二粒小麦的外源基因导入到普通小麦是提高小麦籽粒Zn、Fe和蛋白质含量的有效途径。其中5份野生二粒小麦与普通小麦的杂交后代表现出较高籽粒Zn、Fe和蛋白质含量的同时,也具有较高的产量和优良的农艺性状。这些材料的获得为小麦生物强化育种提供了重要的物质基础。Malnutrition caused by low concentrations or deficiencies of especially zinc（Zn） and iron（Fe） bio-micronutrients in human food affects a large proportion of the world population.Bio-fortification via conventional breeding or modern transgenic ap-proaches improves bio-available essential mineral contents in edible portions of crops.This is regarded as an economically sustain-able strategy for mitigating micronutrient malnutrition.Wheat（Triticum aestivum L.） is a vital cereal crop that accounts for ≈30% of total human cereal consumption in the world.Improving Zn,Fe and protein contents in wheat grain augments human nutrition,which especially alleviates micronutrient malnutrition in people who live on cereals.Wild emmer wheat（T.turgidum ssp.dicoccoides） is a critical potential donor of grain micronutrients,proteins and other desirable traits of common wheat.This study reported the screen-ing of wild emmer accessions and their derivatives with common wheat for enriched grain Zn,Fe and protein concentrations.The study analyzed the relationships among grain Zn,Fe and protein concentrations,grain yield and yield traits,presenting a unique op-portunity for wheat bio-fortification breeding.In this study,32 accessions（derived from crossing wild emmer versus common wheat） and 4 lines of wild emmer were examined for grain Zn,Fe and protein contents.The progenies of wild emmer × common wheat ex-hibited not only high genetic diversity,but also enhanced grain Zn,Fe and protein contents.Principal component and correlation analyses showed that grain Zn,Fe and protein contents were positively correlated,suggesting that the three traits were combinable and could be simultaneously enhanced.Compared with common wheat alone,3 lines of wild emmer wheat,and 14 wild emmer × common wheat accessions were identified as rich sources of grain Zn,Fe and protein.The results indicated that introgression of alien genes from wild emmer wheat to common wheat significantly improved grain Zn,Fe and protein contents in common w

关 键 词：种质资源 锌 铁 蛋白质 野生二粒小麦 生物强化 微量营养元素缺乏 

分 类 号：S326[农业科学—作物遗传育种]