氮肥运筹对小麦群体变化、穗粒数分布及产量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Strategies on the Population Changes,Distribution of Grains Per Spike and Yield in Winter Wheat

作　　者：张德奇[1] 季书勤[1] 王汉芳[1] 李向东[1] 吕凤荣[1] 郭瑞[1] 程红建[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院小麦研究中心/河南省小麦生物学重点实验室,郑州450002

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2011年第21期49-52,共4页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目"粮食丰产科技工程"(2011BAD16B07);"十一五"国家科技支撑计划"粮丰工程河南课题"(2006BAD02A07-3);"十一五"国家科技支撑计划项目"农田循环高效生产模式关键技术研究与集成示范"(2007BAD89B01)

摘　　要：为小麦持续增产提供重要技术途径,对氮肥不同施用量和不同底追比例进行研究,选用‘周麦18’作为试验材料,研究了氮肥运筹技术对小麦群体动态变化、穗粒数分布及产量的影响。结果表明:"前轻中重后补充"的氮肥运筹技术降低了小麦生育期的最高群体,小麦分蘖成穗率较传统施肥处理提高了3.1个百分点,同时增加了穗粒重、提高了千粒重,单穗重显著提高了0.2g;在每公顷施纯氮240kg和180kg条件下,运用"前轻中重后补充"氮肥运筹技术较传统施肥处理(全底)增产694.5kg/hm2、486.0kg/hm2,增幅分别为10.1%和7.2%。结果说明"前轻中重后补充"的氮肥应用策略是一项高产高效的氮肥运筹技术。In order to provide the increasing production for winter wheat,we study the nitrogen strategies and nitrogen needs of wheat growth to be consistent with the best match.Select ＇ Zhoumai18 ＇ as material,the effects of nitrogen strategies were studied by the population changes,grain number and yield of wheat.The results showed that the nitrogen strategies technique of increasing topdressing and later supplementing by controlling basal can reduce the peak changes in the growth population,effectively improve spike rate and promote full grain and big spike.In the 240 kg/hm 2 and 180 kg/hm 2 of nitrogen conditions,the yield of the nitrogen application technique of increasing topdressing and later supplementing by controlling basal increased by 694.5 kg/hm 2 and 486.0 kg/hm 2 compared with conventional nitrogen model.From the sustainable use of resources and nitrogen fertilizer production efficiency,the nitrogen application technique of increasing topdressing and later supplementing by controlling basal will be nitrogen strategies technique with high yield and efficiency.

关 键 词：氮肥运筹 群体变化 产量 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]