天津市近郊地表风蚀型开放源对中心城区影响估算研究  

Estimation of the Effect Derived from Tianjin Suburban Wind Erosion Open Source on Central District

作　　者：陈莉[1,2] 姬亚芹[1] 刘爱霞[3] 白志鹏[1] 王斌[4] 陈丽[1] 赵雪艳[1] 吴丽萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,国家环境保护城市空气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室,天津300071 [2]天津师范大学城市与环境科学学院,天津300387 [3]天津市气象科学研究所,天津300074 [4]天津市环境监测中心,天津300191

出　　处：《环境科学》2011年第9期2769-2776,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：环保公益性行业科研专项(200909005)

摘　　要：可吸入颗粒物(PM10)是我国大部分城市环境空气的首要污染物,地表风蚀尘是其重要来源,需要对该源的贡献量进行定量估算.基于TM遥感影像对天津土地利用类型进行分类并在近郊布设94个点采集地表土壤样品,进行粒度分析,基于GIS进行克里格插值计算,得到土壤粒径分布.结合风向、风速等气象数据,计算得出2009年分季节近郊四区(北辰、西青、津南和东丽)土壤风蚀模数、风蚀量、释尘模数和释尘量.结果表明,天津市近郊春、夏、秋和冬的风蚀量分别为21 236.31、4 435.21、7 272.13和17 204.40 t;北辰、西青、津南和东丽的全年风蚀量分别为6 380.23、32 881.13、8 340.67和2 546.02 t;全年耕地和林草地的风蚀量分别为49 599.20和548.85 t.天津市近郊2009年释尘量分别为9 352.92 t(粒径<10μm)、20 587.99 t(粒径10～15μm)和13 873.74 t(粒径15～20μm).天津市近郊输入中心城区20μm以下的尘量为20 592.91 t,10μm以下的尘量为4 395.89 t,占21.35%.In some Chinese cities air pollution is serious,and the major pollutant is still PM10.The source apportionment results show： wind erosion dust is an important source of particulate matter.So the contribution of this source should be calculated.The suburban land of Tianjin was classified based on Landsat TM satellite image,and samples of different land use types were taken.The soil textures were determined with the analysis of soil samples by the laser particle analyzer and GIS-based interpolation computation.The wind erosion modulus,wind erosion fluxes,dust release modulus and dust release fluxes were calculated in four seasons in suburban of Tianjin（Beichen,Xiqing,Jinnan and Dongli）.The wind erosion fluxes in spring,summer,autumn and winter were 21 236.31,4 435.21,7 272.13 and 17 204.4 t in 2009;the wind erosion fluxes in Beichen,Xiqing,Jinnan and Dongli were 6 380.23,32 881.13,8 340.67 and 2 546.02 t in 2009;the wind erosion fluxes from cultivated land and forest grassland were 49 599.2 and 548.85 t,respectively.The soil dust release fluxes in Tianjin suburban were 9 352.92 t（particle size10 μm）,20 587.99 t（particle size 10-15 μm）and 13 873.74 t（particle size 15-20 μm）.In 2009,there were 20 592.91 t soil dusts with particulate diameter of 20 μm or less that were transmitted from suburban to central district,and 4 395.89 t with particulate diameter of 10 μm or less,about 21.35%.

关 键 词：风蚀模数 释尘模数 开放源 GIS 天津市 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]