沈阳市大气挥发性有机物(VOCs)污染特征  

Characterization of Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds in Shenyang,China

作　　者：刘雅婷[1] 彭跃 白志鹏[1] 张宝生 史建武[1] 赵丽娟 

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院,国家环境保护城市空气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室,天津300071 [2]辽宁省环境监测中心站,沈阳110031

出　　处：《环境科学》2011年第9期2777-2785,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：环保部公益性行业科研专项基金项目(200709013)

摘　　要：2008年4月～2009年7月间,选取沈阳市不同功能区5个监测点位,采集了4个不同季节的大气VOCs样品187个,利用三级冷阱预浓缩-GC-MS方法测定了108种大气VOCs物质,考察了沈阳市大气VOCs浓度水平及其时空分布情况,并对其主要的来源进行识别.结果表明,沈阳市大气总VOCs平均质量浓度为(371.0±132.4)μg/m3,其中含量最高的组分为含氧化合物(57.2%),其次为卤代烃(20%),烷烃(11.4%)、芳香烃(8.5%)和烯烃(3.0%).全市大气总VOCs浓度呈现出春秋浓度较高,冬夏浓度较低的季节变化特征.主要受工业排放源的影响,商业中心点大气VOCs浓度在冬季的08:00～10:00时段、12:00～16:00时段和20:00～22:00时段均出现峰值,而夏季则呈现出10:00～12:00时段和18:00～20:00时段的双峰现象.工业区点位和商业中心区点位浓度高于其它功能区点位,清洁对照点周围由于没有明显的大气VOCs排放源,浓度水平最低.相关性和比值分析结果表明,机动车燃烧、煤炭生物质燃烧、汽油溶剂挥发和工艺过程是沈阳市大气VOCs的主要来源.From April,2008 to July,2009,187 atmospheric samples in four different seasons were collected from five sites in Shenyang.The 108 species of VOCs were measured by using the method of pre-concentration-GC-MS.The objectives of this study were to investigate the VOCs pollution level as well as its spatial and temporal distribution,and to identify the main source in Shenyang city.The results showed that the average total mass concentration of VOCs in Shenyang was 371.0±132.4 μg/m3.The major components were oxygen-containing compounds,halogenated hydrocarbon,alkanes,aromatics and alkenes,which accounted for 57.2%,20%,11.4%,8.5%,and 3.0% of the total mass,respectively.A seasonal variation of VOCs across all the sampling sites was observed,with higher levels in spring and autumn and lower levels in winter and summer.Related with industrial emission,the diurnal variation of the total mean VOCs concentrations at downtown site showed three peaks in winter and two peaks in summer.The VOCs levels in the industrial and downtown areas were higher than those in other areas,with the lowest concentration observed at clean air site with no emission source around.From the results of correlation analysis and concentration ratios analysis,the VOCs pollutants in Shenyang were mainly contributed by automobile exhaust,coal biofuel combustion,gasoline solvent evaporation and industrial process.

关 键 词：挥发性有机物 沈阳 季节分布 日变化 空间分布 来源识别 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]