壳聚糖对苦瓜植株生长发育的影响  

Effect of Chitosan on Growth and Development of Balsm Pear

作　　者：胡繁荣[1] 刘健[1] 罗军[1] 方勇[1] 何美仙[1] 

机构地区：[1]金华职业技术学院农业与生物工程学院,浙江金华321007

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2011年第8期42-44,47,共4页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：浙江省自然基金资助项目(Y307485)

摘　　要：以"碧绿"苦瓜为试验材料,在苦瓜苗期喷施100、150、200 mg/L浓度的壳聚糖,研究不同浓度壳聚糖对苦瓜生长发育的影响。结果表明:叶面喷洒壳聚糖溶液,能够促进苦瓜花芽分化,降低雌花节位,增加雌花数量,提早雌花开花时间,降低雄花分化的数量,提高雌雄比值;壳聚糖的这种促雌作用,以150 mg/L处理效果最佳,其次是200 mg/L处理。单株雌花数可提高75%,第一雌花着生节位降低3.8节,第一雌花开花时间提早11.2 d,单株雄花数降低2.4%,雌雄比可提高79.4%,化瓜率降低35.2%。苦瓜叶面喷洒壳聚糖溶液,能够改善苦瓜的营养品质,显著或极显著提高果实的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质和维生素C的含量,分别提高53.4%、40.1%、97.2%。叶面喷洒壳聚糖溶液,能够提高苦瓜的前期产量和总产量,对产量的促进作用以150 mg/L处理最显著,前期产量比对照增产46.7%。Spraying 100, 150 and 200 mg/L of chitosan respectively to Bilv balsm pear in seedling stage to study the effects of different concentration of chitosan on growth and development of balsm pear. The results showed that spraying chitosan solution to foliar of balsm pear can promote flower-bud differentiation, lower first node of female flower, increase number of female flower, advance flowering time of female flower, decrease differentiation number of male flower, increase ratio of female flowers to male flowers. The female promoting effect of chitosan was the best with 150 mg/L and better with 200 mg/L. The number of female flower per single plant increased by 75%; the first node of female flower lowered by 3.8 nodes; the flowering time of female flower advanced by 11.2 d; the number of male flower per single plant decreased by 2.4%; the ratio of female flowers to male flowers increased by 79.4%; the fruit abortion ratio decreased by 35.2%. Spraying chitosan solution to foliar of balsm pear also ean improve the nutrition quality of balsm pear, significantly or extremely significantly increase contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein and Vc in fruit of balsm pear by 53.4%, 40.1% and 97.2% respectively, increase early yield and total yield of balsm pear. The promoting effect of ehitosan solution on yield was the most obvious with 150 mg/L treatment, and the early yield increased by 46.7% than control.

关 键 词：壳聚糖 苦瓜 生长 发育 

分 类 号：S642.5[农业科学—蔬菜学]