中国大城市劳动力市场的结构转型--对2003年、2009年上海就业调查的实证分析  

The Structural Transformation of the Labor Markets in China' s Large Cities

作　　者：严善平[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]日本同志社大学 [2]中国华东理工大学

出　　处：《管理世界》2011年第9期53-62,共10页Journal of Management World

基　　金：日本文部省学术振兴会、日本桃山学院大学的部分资助

摘　　要：本文利用2003年、2009年上海就业调查数据,实证分析了大城市劳动力市场的结构转型。通过对比外来人口、户籍居民的从业部门、职业流动的程度与类型、教育回报率、职业流动对收入的影响等,我们得到了一些意味深长的新事实。主要有:从业于正规部门的外来人口比率上升,外来人口的教育回报率增大,外来人口与户籍居民的教育回报率趋于相等。据此我们推论:从收入与人力资本的关系来看,上海的劳动力市场基本上完成了从二元分割走向一体化的结构转型。目前,在外来人口与户籍居民之间存有的收入、行业分布等差异,更多地起因于两者在人力资本等方面的差距,以及外来人口在择业、社保等方面存有制度性歧视。By means of the data, on the employment in Shanghai in 2003 and 2009, gathered by our investigations, we have, in this paper, made a case study on the structural transformation of the labor markets in large cities. Through the comparison between the people with the registered permanent residence in Shanghai and the people from without (TPFW) in the aspects of the section in which they are employed, of the degree and kind of job flow, of the return rate in education, of the impact of the job flow on their income, we have discovered some new significant facts, mainly including the rise of the rate of TPFW who work in regular departments, the increase in the educational return for TPFW, the tendency to the equality in the educational return between TPFW and the people with the resisted permanent residence in Shanghai. Therefore, we have made the deduction that, according to the relationship between the income and the human capital, the structural transformation from the dual splitting to the integration has been basically completed in the labor market in Shanghai. At present, there are some differences between TPFW and the people with the registered permanent residence in Shanghai in income and professional distribution and other aspects, mainly because of the gap in human resources and other factors, and the institutional discrimination against TPFW in the selection of jobs and the social security and other respects.

关 键 词：劳动力市场分割 职业流动 工资函数 结构转型 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济]