豫南雨养区周年不同耕作模式对小麦花后干物质动态和产量的影响  

Effects of different corn/wheat year-round tillage modes on post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and transfer and grain yield of wheat in rain-fed farming area of Southern Henan Province

作　　者：李向东[1] 季书勤[1] 张德奇[1] 郭瑞[1] 王汉芳[1] 吕凤荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院小麦研究中心,河南省小麦生物学重点实验室,郑州450002

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2011年第9期1942-1948,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD16B07)资助

摘　　要：以玉米-小麦周年耕作模式为研究对象,于2006—2009年进行了连续4年的大田定位试验,设置了传统翻耕、不覆盖/不深松+覆盖/免耕、覆盖/不深松+不覆盖/免耕、不覆盖/深松+不覆盖/免耕、覆盖/深松+覆盖/免耕以及不覆盖/不深松+还田/旋耕6个模式,研究了豫南雨养区玉米-小麦周年不同耕作模式对小麦花后干物质积累转化、籽粒灌浆及产量的影响。结果表明:传统翻耕和覆盖/深松+覆盖/免耕两种模式绿叶持续时间最长,营养器官的干物质积累均比其他模式高且差异达到显著水平(P<0.05);营养器官花前贮藏物质的运转量也均高于其他模式,营养器官花后同化物运转量和运转率比覆盖/不深松+不覆盖/免耕模式高11.9%、11.7%,比不覆盖/不深松+还田/旋耕模式高11.6%、11.4%,均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);花后同化物对籽粒产量的贡献率比不覆盖/不深松+还田/旋耕和覆盖/不深松+不覆盖/免耕高8.4%、7.9%和8.8%、8.3%,均达到显著水平(P<0.05);产量也以这两种模式最高,达到7545.0kg·hm-2和7480.5kg·hm-2,比不覆盖/不深松+还田/旋耕模式分别增产14.8%和13.8%,达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。综合来看,覆盖/深松+覆盖/免耕模式具有较好的蓄水保墒和土壤培肥效果,能促使营养器官干物质积累和花后同化物向籽粒的转移,实现高产高效。A 4-year （2006-2009） field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different corn-wheat year-round tillage modes on the post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and transt^r, grain-filling, and grain yield of winter wheat in a rain-fed farming area of southern Henan Prov- ince. Six modes including traditional tillage （T1） , non-straw mulching and pre-sowing shallow plough for corn ＋ straw mulching and non-tillage for wheat （T2 ） , straw mulching and pre-sowing shallow plough for corn ＋ non-straw-mulching and non-tillage for wheat （T3 ）, non-straw mulc- hing and pre-sowing deep plough for corn ＋ non-straw mulching and non-tillage for wheat （T4 ） , straw mulching and pre-sowing deep plough for corn ＋ straw mulching and non-tillage for wheat （T5 ）, and non-straw mulching and pre-sowing shallow plough for corn ＋ burying smashed straw in soil and rotor tillage （T6） were examined. Among the test modes, T1 and T5 showed the best effects, under which, the leaf staying-green period of winter wheat was the longest, and the dry matter accumulation in vegetative organs was significantly higher （ P〈0.05 ） than that under other modes. Also, the transfer amount of the pre-anthesis assimilates in vegetative organs under T, and T5 was higher, and the transfer amount and rate of post-anthesis assimilates in the vegetative organs were 11.9% and 11.7%, and 11.6% and 11.4% higher than those under T3 and T6, respectively （ P〈0. 01 ）. Under T1 and T5 , the contribution of the post-anthesis assimilates to the grain yield of winter wheat was 8.4% and 7.9%, and 8.8% and 8.3% higher than that under T3 and T6（P〈0. 05） , and the grain yield was 7545.0 and 7480.5 kg ~ hm-2, being 14. 8% and 13.8% higher than that under T6, respectively （P〈0. 01 ）. Overall, mode T5 had the best effect in promoting the dry matter accumulation in winter wheat vegetative organs and the transfer of post-anthesis assimilates to the grain, and also, played important roles in soil water conservation

关 键 词：豫南雨养区 玉米-小麦周年耕作模式 干物质积累 物质运转 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]