青藏铁路沿线生态环境敏感性评价GIS模型  

GIS model for eco-environmental sensitivity assessment of the areas along Qinghai-Tibetan railway

作　　者：董仁才[1,2] 孙晓泽[1] 李春明[1] 刘涛[2] 苟亚青[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院城市环境研究所,城市环境与健康重点实验室,福建厦门361021 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2011年第9期2093-2098,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAC09B08);中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室自主项目(SK-LURE2008-1-05)资助

摘　　要：GIS强大的空间分析功能对生态环境敏感性评价过程中的空间要素叠置分析具有明显优势。本文通过对传统生态环境敏感性评价方法的系统分析和逻辑完善,采用ArcGIS平台的Model Builder工具封装了可以进行多循环生态环境敏感性评价GIS模块;并选取青藏铁路沿线部分路段,测试了从环境问题分析、指标与权重确立、空间数据预处理到GIS模型运行的全过程。结果表明:在多重生态与环境要素累加效应影响下,青藏铁路生物通道的两侧高度敏感,且多个敏感区连成一个线性敏感带,铁路沿线生态环境敏感性区域的带状空间格局特征突出;通过与大量地面调查的评估结果相比较,验证了该GIS模型判断生态敏感区域的科学性和可靠性,从而为线性工程的生态环境敏感性快速评价提供技术支撑。GIS has a substantial advantage for the spatial overlay analysis in eco-environmental sensitivity assessment. In this paper, the traditional eco-environmental sensitivity assessment methodology was logically improved by adopting ArcGIS Model Builder to incorporate GIS modules capable of multi-cycle eco-environmental sensitivity assessment, and the assessment capacity of the improved methodology was tested in Qinghai-Tibetan railway area. By identifying environmental problems, determining indices and weights, and preprocessing spatial data, the GIS modules were easy and quick to run. The test results showed that the improved methodology could effectively illustrate the spatial pattern of the eco-environmental sensitivity areas along Qinghai- Tibetan railway. The highly eco-environmental sensitivity areas were mainly near the wildlife pathways on the both sides of the railway, and formed a linear distribution in a larger scale. The accuracy and reliability of our results were validated, and showed a strong compassion to the previous field researches in the region, implying that the improved methodology could supply a technical support for the quick eco-environmentai sensitivity assessment of linear construction project.

关 键 词：生态环境敏感性 生物通道 缓冲区 青藏高原 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]