Changes in Agronomic Traits of Indica Hybrid Rice during Genetic Improvement  

杂交籼稻育种过程中的植株农艺性状的演变(英文)

作　　者：王丹英[1] 徐春梅[1] 袁江[1,2] 魏兴华[1] 廖西元[1] 章秀福[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所,浙江杭州310006 [2]南京农业大学农业部南方作物生理生态重点开放实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《Agricultural Science & Technology》2011年第8期1149-1152,1178,共5页农业科学与技术（英文版）

基　　金：Supported by National Key Technology Research and Development Program(2006BAD02A13-3-1);the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30800674)~~

摘　　要：[Objective]The aim was to elucidate the changes of agronomical traits of indica hybrid rice during its genetic improvement.[Method]23 typical indica hybrid combinations cultivated in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River during the last 30 years were selected as experimental materials.All the hybrid rice combinations were grown in the same field;and then yield and morphological characters of single plant were compared;correlation and path analyses among agronomic characteristics were also conducted.[Result]During the 30 years of genetic improvement,the effective panicle number per plant was progressively decreased,which caused the decrease of grain yield and biomass per plant of hybrid rice combinations in spite of the slightly increased plant height,1 000-grain weight and number of grains per panicle.Although the transformation percentage of the matter in stem and sheath decreased after flowering,leave photosynthetic capacity after flowering was increased as panicle weight.Correlation and path analysis showed that although both biomass per plant and number of grains per panicle were significantly correlated with grain yield per plant,biomass per plant acted as the key factor affecting yield per plant.[Conclusion]It was suggested that in rice high yield cultivation,panicle number was as important as large panicle,and tillering ability should not be neglected in breeding.[目的]研究杂交籼稻育种过程中的植株农艺性状的演变。[方法]选择过去30年在长江中下游稻区大面积推广的23个杂交籼稻品种为实验材料,在相同的大田管理和栽培条件下,比较各杂交组合的单株产量和形态特征,并对各农艺性状进行相关分析和通径分析。[结果]结果表明,在杂交籼稻组合的演替过程中,尽管株高、千粒重和每穗粒数有少许增加,但单株有效穗数下降,引起单株产量和生物量降低;单茎的茎鞘、叶片、穗重增加,抽穗后叶片的光合能力增强。相关分析和通径分析表明,单株生物量和每穗粒数与单株产量呈显著相关,其中,生物量是影响单株产量的主要因素。[结论]在杂交稻的育种和栽培中,在强调单个有效穗的大穗优势的同时,必须注重品种的分蘖发生能力,建立适宜的群体密度以获取高产。

关 键 词：Indica hybrid rice Genetic improvement Agronomic trait 

分 类 号：S511.21[农业科学—作物学]