抗击超级细菌:耐药酶的起源研究和变异预测  

Fighting Against Superbug:Probe on Origin and Foretell Evolution of Antibiotic Resistant Enzyme

作　　者：陈照强[1] 刘一方[1] 陈姣[1] 周美峰[1] 郑珩[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国药科大学生命科学与技术学院,南京210009

出　　处：《抗感染药学》2011年第3期154-158,共5页Anti-infection Pharmacy

基　　金：国家基础科学人才培养基金(国家级大学生创新计划项目)(编号:J0630858)

摘　　要：随着抗菌药物在临床和农、林、牧、副、鱼业上广泛应用,细菌的耐药性现象越来越严重,新出现的携带新德里金属β-内酰胺酶-1(new delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1,NDM-1)基因的超级细菌,几乎对临床上所有抗菌药物均具有耐药性,而且这一耐药基因位于质粒上,会在细菌中水平转移,对人类健康具有潜在的极大威胁。更严重的是,目前尚无法预知今后将出现何种新的耐药基因,但抗菌药物选择性压力的结果必然导致新的更为棘手的耐药性出现。国内外已有一些探索性工作试图揭示耐药基因的起源,并着力于预测这些基因今后可能的演变方向,以期在新的耐药性出现前作出应对。该文将以β-内酰胺耐药酶为主,概述国内外在耐药酶起源、自然进化、模拟进化等领域的研究进展,希望能为抗击超级细菌提供新的实验思路。With the wide use of antibiotics in clinic, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fish industry and so on, the phenomena of bacterial resistance become more and more serious. Newly emerging of NDM-1 super bacteria possesse resistance to almost all kinds of antibiotics. The resistance gene locates in plasmid and can transfer into bacteria easily, making it a huge threatening to human health. More serious is that it is still impossible to predict the future mutation of the resistance gene, although the antibiotic selective pressure will inevitably lead to a new and more thorny emergence of drug-resistance. There has been some exploratory study to reveal the origin of resistance genes and to forecast the direction of evolution, aiming to make responses before the advent of drug-resistance. This article will focus on the research progress of the β-lactamases, gives an overview of the origins of resistant enzyme, the natural evolution and simulated evolution. It may provide some instructive clues to combat the superbugs.

关 键 词：耐药酶 起源 自然进化 定向进化 随机密码子 

分 类 号：R931[医药卫生—生药学]