阿拉善荒漠区牧民对气候变化的感知及应对措施初探——以阿拉善左旗和阿拉善右旗为例  

Herders' the perception for climate change and its countermeasures in the Alxa desert region——A case of study in the Alxa Left and Right Banner

作　　者：王海[1] 侯向阳[1] 秦艳[1] 那日苏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院草原研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《草业科学》2011年第9期1718-1723,共6页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(70933004);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(中国农业科学院草原研究所2009-Y-1)

摘　　要：采用历史气象资料分析和参与性农户评估相结合的方法,对阿拉善荒漠区气候变化特征进行分析,并抽样研究了荒漠区牧户家庭基本状况与经营现状、牧户家庭对气候变化及其影响的感知与应对策略。结果表明,近50年阿拉善左旗和阿拉善右旗年气温呈极显著上升趋势,但年降水量总体趋势仅在波动中微弱增加。牧户对温度升高的感知与事实基本相符。牧户感知草地生态环境认为近10年草地生产力和草地植物种类已经减少;土壤沙化、草地鼠虫害和地表水减少程度增加。极端气候事件在近10年中频发,并对家畜健康和生产、草地牧草生长产生极大影响。受气候变化影响,在畜牧业生产中牧户采取主要措施是在秋季储备充足草料备用,同时结合圈养方式维持生产。未来气候变化还将持续影响牧区人民的生产生活,建议采取合理的应对措施增强荒漠区牧户对气候变化的适应能力。The meteorological data and the participatory rural appraisal were used to analyze the climatic change characteristics in the Alxa desert region, and sampling herders was questioned to inquire about basic family status of Alxa herd, and their perception for climate change and countermeasures. The results of this study showed that the mean annual temperatures significantly increased in the Alxa left and right banner, but the mean annual precipitation faintly increased with fluctuation in the past 50 years. The herd perception of mean annual temperatures rise was the same as meteorological analysis. The herders recognized that grassland environment deteriorated because grassland production reduced and plant species receded in recent ten years. The level of grassland sandy soil, pests and mice increased, but surface water decreased. Extreme weather events were frequent in recent ten years, which seriously affected animal＇s health, production and grass growth. The herdsmen took major action on providing sufficient feed in autumn during domestic animal production to face the climate change, meanwhile kept up production in captivity. Future climate change would continue and its impact on production and living of herdsmen would also continue. Finally, this study proposed the countermeasures to help herders for enhancing their adaptive capacity to climate change.

关 键 词：荒漠区 牧民 气候变化感知 应对措施 

分 类 号：S811.1[农业科学—畜牧学]