季铵盐型Gemini表面活性剂水溶液的表面和油-水界面特性  

Interfacial Properties of Quaternary Ammonium Gemini Surfactants in Aqueous Solutions

作　　者：林梅钦[1] 丁波[1] 郑晓宇[1] 毛雷霆[2] 李明远[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学提高采收率研究中心,北京102249 [2]中国石化胜利油田胜利勘察设计研究院有限公司,山东东营257026

出　　处：《石油学报（石油加工）》2011年第4期617-621,共5页Acta Petrolei Sinica(Petroleum Processing Section)

基　　金：国家重大科技专项基金(2011ZX05011-4)资助

摘　　要：用DCAT-21型表面张力及接触角仪测定了不同结构的季铵盐型Gemini表面活性剂C_n-s-C_n·2Br溶液的表面张力和界面张力变化,为选择一种较好的表面活性剂作为驱油剂提供基础。结果表明,烷基链长n均为12时,随联接基团数s的增加,季铵盐型Gemini表面活性剂降低表面和界面张力能力减小。s相同时,随着烷基链长n增加,Gemini表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(CMC)减小。加入无机盐可以进一步降低Gemini表面活性剂的CMC值。季铵盐型Gemini表面活性剂的CMC值较类似结构的单链单头普通表面活性剂的CMC值低,且达到最低界面张力时的浓度比单链单头普通表面活性剂低2个数量级。Gemini表面活性剂的高表面活性主要由其特殊的分子结构所决定。Interfacial properties of quaternary ammonium Gemini surfactants in aqueous solution were studied due to their special excellent surface activity in surfactant flooding system. DCAT-21 surface tension meter were adopted to determine the variation of surface tension and interfacial tension of different molecular structures of Cn-s-Cn. 2Br in aqueous solution. Effect of mineral salt on the surface activity of Gemini surfactants aqueous solutions were investigated as well. Experiments indicated that the surface and interfacial tension reduction of Cn-s-Cn. 2Br aqueous solution decreased as the length of spacer（s） increased while the length of alkyl chain（n） was 12. Critical micelle concentration （CMC） of quaternary ammonium Gemini surfactants decreased as the length of alkyl chain（n） increased. Their CMC were much lower （about 2 orders of magnitude） than that of corresponding common surfactants, and could be lowered by mineral salt. The outstanding surface activity of Gemini surfactants was owing to their unique molecular structure.

关 键 词：季铵盐型Gemini表面活性剂 表面张力 界面张力 临界胶束浓度(CMC) 

分 类 号：O647[理学—物理化学]