新疆地区全生物降解膜降解特征及其对棉花产量的影响  

Degradation of Biodegradable Plastic Mulch Film and Its Effect on the Yield of Cotton in Xinjiang Region,China

作　　者：赵彩霞[1] 何文清[2,3] 刘爽[2,3] 严昌荣[2,3] 曹肆林[4] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学植保学院,河北保定071000 [2]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [3]农业部旱作节水农业重点开放试验室,北京100081 [4]新疆农垦科学院,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2011年第8期1616-1621,共6页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：十一五国家科技支撑计划"可生物降解地膜开发"(2006BAD07A06);"污染农田治理关键技术研究"(2006BAD17B04);863项目"全降解保水地膜"(2006AA100216)

摘　　要：针对残膜污染已经成为新疆棉田最严重的生态环境问题,以广东上九公司提供的3种淀粉基全生物降解地膜为供试材料,在我国西北内陆棉区(新疆石河子)开展了田间试验评价研究。结果表明,由于配方的不同,3种降解膜的降解特性、增温保墒性能以及对棉花产量的影响存在显著的差异性。从地表覆盖试验与填埋试验的结果看,与日本的生物降解地膜(CK2)相比,国内的3种供试地膜品种都表现为降解过快,特别是A膜和B膜,降解最为迅速,C膜降解相对较慢。过快的降解速率显著地影响了3种供试降解膜的增温保墒性能,特别是A膜和B膜,与普通膜(CK1)相比,土壤温度平均低2～3℃,土壤水分低3～5个百分点,3种供试降解膜比较,C膜的增温保墒效果略好。从产量结果来看,与普通膜相比,国内供试的A膜和B膜对产量影响较大,减产幅度分别为20%以上,供试C膜和对照的日本降解膜都表现为增产趋势,但与普通膜产量结果比较差异并不显著。Soil pollution caused by residual plastic mulch film in field has been a serious problem in Xinjiang region.Biodegrable plastic mulch film has assumed a final way to solve this problem.Field experiment was conducted in Shihezi city of Xinjiang region with three kind of biodegradable mulch film（A,B,C） provided by Guangdong Shangjiu Biodegradable plastic Co.,LTD in 2009.Traditioal non-degradable clear plastic mulch film（CK1） and biodegradable plastic mulch film made in Japan（CK2） were treated as control treatments.The results showed that different biodegradable mulch film had a different degradable performance.Impacts of different plastic mulch film on soil temperature,soil moisture and cotton yield were also different.Comparing to the CK2,The degradation process of test biodegradable mulch film was more faster than that of biodegradable mulch film made in Japan whether covered on soil surface or buried in the soil.The degradation process of test A and B was faster than tested C.The earlier degradation of tested biodgradable mulch film A and B led to the significant effects on its function.Comparing with the CK1 treatment,the soil temperature covered by test biodegradable mulch film A and B was lower to 2~3 ℃,water storing capacity decreased 3%~5% and cotton yield reduced more than 20%.Test C and CK2 were better than A and B.The cotton yield had no significant differeces with CK1.

关 键 词：全生物降解地膜 棉花 降解性能 产量 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]